[雅思同义词替换]同义词替换

来源:读书笔记 时间:2018-05-16 09:29:24 阅读:

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同义词替换篇(一):说明文阅读方法有哪些技巧

  说明文阅读方法技巧
  一、说明文的分类:
  1.事物说明文[读完文章后了解了(说明对象)是什么?]
  2.事理说明文[读完文章后了解了(说明对象)怎么了,为什么会这样?]
  二、把握说明对象:
  1.看标题
  2.看首尾段
  3.看关键词句(如:总说句/分说句/过渡句)
  4.看材料(逐段分析作者介绍了有关事物的哪一方面的特征,然后归纳小结。)
  5.事物说明文指出:被说明对象。
  如《苏州园林》,说明 “ 务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上,眼前总是一幅完美的图画 ” 的特征。
  事理说明文指出:说明内容。(格式:介绍了_____的____.)
  如:《死海不死》,科学地说明了死海不死的原因在于 " 海水的咸度很高 " 。
  6.概括文章的说明中心:
  ①全文围绕什么事物或事理进行说明?
  ②说明了这些事物或事理的什么特征?
  ③从哪些方面对该事物或事理进行说明?
  概括方法:说明中心=说明对象+特征。(对说明中心的概括,语言要简明扼要。)
  三、被说明事物的特征:
  [一般来说,说明文要说明的要点,往往就是事物的特征。]
  1.找原词原句。
  若没有,则:可用“点面结合”的方法总结概括。 “点”:各段的说明对象,“面”:整篇文章的主体说明对象,两者结合组成完整的句子便可。
  2.注意段意、中心句。
  四、常见的说明方法:
  为了说明事物特征或说明事理,需要采用恰当的说明方法。
  A.常见的说明方法有:
  1.分类别:(即对说明事物分门别类的方法。例如:“如何获得食物?这有两种不同的途径和方法:一种叫自养,??另一种叫异养。”)
  2.举例子:(即以具体事物为例的方法。例如:“这种书目专门记录其专题或学科的文献。如要查找中国古代文献,就要使用《四库全书总目提要》或《中国古籍善本总目》等。”)
  3.打比方:(即用比喻来说明事物的方法。例如:“桥洞不是普通半圆形,而是像一张弓。”)
  4.列数字:(即是运用数据说明事物的方法。例如:“哪里知道,这条天河淹没了一千万颗以上的星星啊!一千万,你一口气数下去,得数一千多年。”)
  5.作比较:(即用另一个事物与说明事物相比,以说明事物特点的方法。例如:“永定河发水时,来势很猛,以前两岸河堤常被冲毁,但是这座桥却从没出过事,足见它的坚固。”)
  6.下定义:(即指明某一名词概念的含义。例如:“统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。”)
  B.说明方法的作用:
  1、举例子:具体形象的说明了??的?特点,便于读者理解。
  2、分类别:条理清晰地说明了?。
  3、打比方:生动形象地说明了?的?特点,增强文章的趣味性。
  4、列数字:科学准确具体的说明了??的?? 特点
  5、作比较:通过?和?的比较,突出了?的?特点(地位、影响等)。
  6、下定义:完整、科学、准确地说明?本质特点,使之与其他事物区别开来。
  7、画图表:直观形象说明了?。
  8、作诠解:作诠释,用于解释被说明内容的成因及内在联系。
  9、摹状貌:能使说明生动形象,使文章更具可读性。
  10、引资料:能使说明的内容更具体、更充实。用引用的方法说明事物的特征,增强说服力,如引用古诗文、谚语、俗话。引用说明在文章开头,还起到引出说明对象的作用。
  C.理解说明方法的作用(表达效果): 1.答清每种说明方法各自的表达上的作用,
  2.答清具体运用这种说明方法是为了说明什么内容,即:表达+说明内容。
  五、说明文中常用的说明顺序:文章使用什么说明顺序,要看说明的对象。
  1.时间顺序。说明事物的演变发展的;
  (按时间的先后来进行说明,多用于说明具体事物和历史事件的发展变化过程。)
  2.空间顺序。说明建筑物的;
  (按事物的空间位置,即事物的表里、上下、前后、左右、位置和方位等来进行说明。) 这种顺序多用于说明相对静止的事物、建筑物的结构和介绍参观建筑物的过程之类的文章。
  3.逻辑顺序。介绍高科技产品或说明事物间的联系的;
  (按事物的推理过程及人们对事物规律的认识和运用的顺序去说明事理、布局文章。) ① 从现象到本质(或从本质到现象);
  ② 从原因到结果(或从结果到原因);
  ③ 从特点到用途(或从用途到特点);
  ④ 从整体到部分(或从部分到整体);
  ⑤ 从概括到具体(或从具体到概括);
  ⑥从主要到次要(或从次要到主要);
  六、说明文的结构:
  (1)并列式:各段落层次之间的关系是并列的。
  (2)连贯式:各层之间按照事物发展过程安排层次,(时间为线索)前后互相承接。
  (3)递进式:各层之间的关系是由浅入深,由表及里,由现象到本质。各层之间的关系是递进的。
  (4)总分式:这种结构大致有三种情形:总——分;分——总;总——分——总。
  七、说明文的语言特点:
  说明语言的特点:准确性和严密性。
  中心词语/修饰、限制性词语/关联词/代词
  ①抓关键性的中心语,主要是抓那些运用准确的名词、动词、形容词,鉴别出它们的同义词,在语境中领悟其用语的准确性。
  {恰当地使用关联词语,可使语言表达更连贯、更严密,使语义更具层次感,突出说明内容的重点,从而更好地体现说明文语言准确性的特点。
  例如:准确地使用了“??不但??而??”这一组关联词,层次清楚地说明了??的优越性。同时,用递进的句式还进一步突出了??这一实用效果。}
  1.说明文语言的准确性,主要体现在:
  修饰、限制性词语的运用。如:可能、大约、几乎、一般、近、之一等词。
  2.语言的准确和简明体现在以下几个方面:
  ①要如实的反映客观事物,对知识表达要科学和严密,表示时间、空间、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等都要准确无误。
  ②要注意运用好表示修饰限制等作用的词语。如“基本上”“大约”“比较”“一般”“极个别”“大多数”等词语。
  {?主要指形容词、数量词、副词和短语是如何恰如其分地修饰限制或补充说明中心语句的。}
  常见题型:
  1. 考查全篇文章或某一段落的说明内容
  题型为:本文的说明内容是什么/“某一说明对象的特征是什么/概括某一段的说明内容。
  ①用原文回答:(要理清文章或段落的层次)。
  找出全文的中心段或某段的中心句,(这往往就是问题的答案)。
  ②无适合的原文时,可用“点面结合”的方法总结概括。 “点”:各段的说明对象,“面”:整篇文章的主体说明对象,两者结合组成完整的句子便可。
  2. 考查说明方法及其作用
  题型为:某段或某句用了哪种(些)说明方法?有什么作用?/说明了什么。
  (要明确概念,辨清各种说明方法)。
  3. 考查说明语言的准确性
  题型:某个词语能否删掉?为什么?
  “删掉这个词语后??”
  ①解释句意的变化。(先解词,说明原句意思是??)
  ②在程度/状态/性质/范围上加以限制/强调/说明,换后(删掉)意思变为??,与实际/原意不符/,不准确/不严密/不科学。
  答题方式:①不能,用了“××”词,生动地说明了??,能够激发读者的兴趣,去掉就没有这种效果。②不能,删掉“××”词,句子的意思就变成了??,显得太绝对化;用了“××”词,准确地说明了??,符合实际情况,留有余地,具有科学性。
  4. 考查指示代词或有指示意义的词语的具体指代内容。
  答这一类型题时一般是往前找,指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。最有效的得分方法是将找到的指代内容与指代词语替换,符合文意便是正确的答案。
  5.判断文段的说明中心(说明内容):

同义词替换篇(二):雅思同义词替换大全

  引导语:同义词是指意义相同的一组词语,可以分为等义词和近义词两种。近义词是指意思相近,但不完全相同;而等义词的意思完全相同。下面是小编为你带来的雅思同义词替换大全,希望对你有所帮助。
  预订:book,booking,reserve,reservation
  优点:advantage, positive
  缺点:disadvantage, weakness,drawback,negative
  环境:surrounding,environment,neighborhood,outside
  房东:landlord,landlady,owner
  入口:entrance,access
  改变:change,alter,shift
  休闲:leisure,recreation,entertainment
  讨论: discuss,talk about,focus on,concentrate on,research on,look at
  地点:where,position,spot,place,site
  领域:area,field
  活动:activity,do,study
  带东西:equipment,belonging,take,carry
  期刊:periodical,journal,magazine
  注册:enroll,register,sign up for, take
  学生:student, postgraduate, undergraduate,
  布局:layout, plan, organize
  动物:animal, creature, wildlife
  植物:vegetation, plant, tree
  最大值:maximum, up to, no more than
  最小值:minimum, start at, no less than
  多于:over, more than, above
  最多:most, majority
  低于:below, under pupil
  旧的:old, original, used to
  现在的:at present, currently, now
  开端:early, the beginning of
  自己的:own, private
  提前:ahead of time, in advance
  无额外收费:in the package, no extra charge, included in the price
  初级的:basic, beginner, beginning, introductory
  一个月:a month, 4 weeks, 30 days
  两周:14 days, fortnight
  1 天:one day, 24 hours
  要求:require, request, must, ask
  部分: part, proportion, *** percent
  各种: a variety of, a range of, lots of, a large number of
  重要: important, significant, crucial, essential
  解决:Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
  损害: Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
  给与: Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
  培养:Develop, cultivate, foster
  优势:Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
  缺陷:Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
  使迷惑:Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
  重要的:Key, crucial, critical, important,
  significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
  认为:Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
  保护:Protect, conserve, preserve
  确保:Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
  有害的:Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 要求:Request, demand, needs, requisition
  消除:Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
  导致:Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
  因此:So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
  增长至:Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to
  降低至:Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to
  保持稳定:Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out
  急剧地: Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly,
  surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeable
  平稳地:Steadily, smoothly, slightly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly
  宣称:Allege, assert, declare, claim
  发生:Happen, occur, take place
  原因:Reason, factor, cause
  发展:Development, advance, progress
  有益的:Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous
  影响:Influence, impact, effect
  明显的:Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
  占:Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
  与…相比:Compared with, compared to, incomparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to
  对比而言:By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely
  展示:Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
  大约:Approximately, almost, about, around, nearly, roughly
  波动:Fluctuate, go ups and downs, display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation
  事实上:Practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that
  换言之:Namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle
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同义词替换篇(三):英语常见同义词替换

  1 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
  2 损害: Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3
  给与:Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
  4培养: Develop, cultivate, foster
  5优势:Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
  6缺陷:Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
  7 使迷惑:Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
  8重要的:Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
  9认为: Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
  10保护:Protect, conserve, preserve
  11确保:Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
  12有害的: Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
  13 要求:Request, demand, needs, requisition
  14消除:Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
  15导致: Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
  16因此: So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
  17增长至:Grow to,rise to,increase to,go up to,climb to,ascend to,jump to,shoot to
  18 降低至:Dip to,fall to,decline to,decrease to,drop to,go down to,reduce to, slump to, descend to,sink to,slide to
  19保持稳定:Level out,do not change,remain stable,remain still,remain steady,be stable, maintain the same level,remain unchanged,be still,remain the same level,stay constant,keep at the same level,level off,stabilize,keep its stability,even out
  20急剧地:Dramatically,drastically,sharply,hugely,enormously,steeply,substantially, considerably,significantly,markedly,surprisingly,strikingly,radically,remarkably,vastly, noticeably
  21平稳地:Steadily,smoothly,slightly,slowly,marginally,gradually,moderately,mildly
  22 宣称:Allege, assert, declare, claim
  23 发生:Happen, occur, take place 24 原因:Reason, factor, cause
  25发展:Development, advance, progress
  26有益的:Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous
  27 影响:Influence, impact, effect
  28明显的:Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
  29占: Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
  30 与…相比:Compared with,compared to,in comparison with,in comparison to,by comparison with,by comparison to
  31 对比而言:By contrast,in contrast,on the other hand,on the contrary=,conversely
  32 展示:Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
  33大约:Approximately,almost,about,around,nearly,roughly
  34波动:Fluctuate,go ups and downs,display a fluctuation,demonstrate a fluctuation
  35事实上:Practically,in practice,essentially,in essence,in reality,in effect,in fact,as a matter of fact,it is a fact that
  36换言之:Namely,that is to say,in other words,to put it like this,to put it differently,to put it from another way,to put it from another angle
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