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篇一:[关系代词和关系副词]英语定语从句课件趣味
英语定语从句课件（一）
Ⅰ. 定义
定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 关系代词
1. 先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that
eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that
eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 关系副词
1. 先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where
eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别:
⒈ 只用that的情况
① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句；
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介词 + 关系代词。
eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which)
① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别:
限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。
非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句
即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。
此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
选择填空：
1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
英语定语从句课件（二）
一、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）
和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开
一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导
不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）
不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）
不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.
(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.
(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)
三、关系代词的用法区分
1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
?只能使用that的情况：
（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bi...
篇二:[关系代词和关系副词]初中定语从句教学课件
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做 定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。下面是小编为你带来的初中定语从句教学课件 ，欢迎阅读。
一、教学目标
通过本章复习, 使学生明白定语从句的构成和用法。
二、教学重点和难点
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别；关系代词与关系副词引导定语从句的不同；介词+关系代词引导定语从句；关系代词who, that, which的用法区别。定语从句与同位语从句及其一些句子结构的区别。
三、教学方法
Teacher
1．什么是定语从句?
2．被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom, whose 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。而 when, where, why 这些词是关系副词，他们在句子中用来作状语。（请同学们根据以上所述, 给出一些例句, 用来说明。）
3．以上关系代词在使用时也是有很多区别的。（请同学们看下面的句子, 然后说出使用关系代词 that 的原因。）
A．All that is worth doing should be done well.
B．The only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help.
C．We will never forget the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.
D．What is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope?
E．The visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw.
F．Who is the person that let out the secret?
4．下面讲一下只能用关系代词 which 引导的定语从句。
A．在非限制性定语从句中, 指物时只能用 which 不能用 that。
B．在定语从句中, 介词+关系代词引导定语从句指物时, 只能用 which 不能用 that。
（请同学们给出上面两种情况的例句。）
5．对于“介词+关系代词”引导宾语从句, 如何选介词这个问题, 可归纳为下面几点：
A．根据宾语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?
（句中的 with 来自习惯搭配 shake hands with）
B．由先行词来决定。如： I"ll never forget the day on which I joined the Party.
C．由句子表达的全部意义来确定。如：Water is very important for us without which we can"t live.
6．有下面两种情况：
A．先行词 all, any 和 a few 指人时, 如：
Any who breaks the law will be punished.
B．先行词是 this, that, those 或 these 且指人时。
Those who hadn"t bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
7．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．The engineer whose son is in America is very kind.
B．Look at the house whose roof is red.
8．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．I"ll go to any place where people need me.
B．I still remember the day when I joined the army.
C．I don"t know the reason why he was late.
9．那么, 表示地点、时间的名词后面都被关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰吗？
10．我们知道 as 也可作为关系代词, 引导定语从句, 包括非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句, 井且多与 such, the same as 并用。 （请同学们翻译下列的句子。）
A．我们知道, 指南针最早是中国人发明的。
B．这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支很相似。
C．他们今年生产的钢和去年一样多。
D．我们应该和这样的热心、勤奋的人交朋友。
Students
1．在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。
2．A．Here is the pen that you lost yesterday. （that 用来指物, 在从句中作宾语, 可以省略掉, that 也可用 which 代替。）
B．The girl who told me the news is not here now. （who 用来指人, 在从句中作主语, that 可以代替 who 用来指人。）
C．The woman who / whom / that you saw in the park is our English teacher. （whom 只能用来指人, 只能作宾语, 在从句中可以省略。）
3．刚才所说的6个句子的宾语从句, 关系代词只能用 that 而不能用其他关系代词, 下面逐个分类分析：
A．先行词是 all, much, little, none, the one 或由 no-, any-, every- 构成的复合代词时。
B．先行词被 all, every, some, little, much, the only, the very 等修饰时。
C．先行词是序数词或被序数词限定时。
D．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
E．先行词同时包含人和事物时。
F．当主句是 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时, 为避免重复, 习惯上多用 that。
4．
A．She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开, 非限制性定语从句引导词不用that。
B．The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
介词in也可以放在定语从句谓语动词之后, 关系代词which或that可省略。
5．定语从句中, “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系词前选什么样的介词对我们来说有时束手无策, 希望老师能够归纳出几点巧妙的判断规律。
6．When shall we use the relative pronoun“who”and“whom”?
7．这两句中的定语从句都是由 whose 引导的, 在从句中 whose 只能作定语。
A 句中 whose 修饰人。
B 句中 whose 修饰物, 这个句子相当于：Look at the house the roof of which is red. 或：Look at the house with a red roof.
8．这三个句子中, 所含的定语从句都是由关系副词引导的。
A．where 引导的定语从句修饰一个表地点的名词, where 本身作从句中谓语的地点状语, 这时, where 可由介词 to + which 来替代。
B．when 引导定语从句修饰一个表示时间的名词, when 在从句中作时间状语, when 可用介词 on＋which 来替代。
C．why 引导定语从句修饰一个表示原因的名词, why 在从句中作原因状语。why 可用介词 for + which 来替代。
从以上三个句子来看, 关系副词引导定语从句, 一般情况下, 都可用“介词+关系代词”来替换关系副词。
9．不一定。如果表地点或表时间的名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 就不能用关系副词引导宾语从句, 而应由相应的关系代词引导。如：
A．Mike is studying in a school that/which was built in 1928．
B．Those days that / which we spent with Mary were wonderful.
10．
A．As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.
B．This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
C．They have produced as much iron this year as they did last year.
D．We ought to make friends with such people as kind and hard working.
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