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篇一:[谓语]非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，接下来是小编为您整理的非谓语动词知识点总结，希望对您有所帮助。
I.概述
1.基本形式的变化：
不定式：
时态主动态被动态
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have builtto have been built
John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)
He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)
He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)
He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)
This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)
v-ing形式
时态主动态被 动 态
一般式doingbeing done
完成式having donehaving been done
注意：不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)
He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)
I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)
(= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)
He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)
现在分词
He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)
Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)
Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)
All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)
2.所做成分
项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语
动词的ing形式现在分词 △ △△△
动名词△△△ △
不定式 △△△△△△
过去分词 △ △△△
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语。
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：
help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)
He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。
He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。
He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。
I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语(常置于名词之后)。
由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,
intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
She is always the first student to arrive at school.
He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
I have no desire to travel.
You’ll find something to interest you here.
注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.
I found no one to play with.
④作状语
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.(不至于跌倒) (表目的)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)
He tried only to fail. (结果没有成功)
She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：
able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit,frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful,thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.
French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.
⑤作独立副词成分。
To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.
⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。
The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注意：
①在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider,understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。
He didn’t know what to do next.
I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
②不定式的复合结构
由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工
His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good, honest,kind,nice,rash, right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise等。
It’s kind of you to say so.
It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!
你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
③不带to 的动词不定式
▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。
The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.
I heard her say that she was fed up.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but,do nothing but等。
I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。
We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。
There is no choice but to go there.
There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.
▲在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
Why argue with him?
Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去?
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teaching offers something besides money and power.
②作补语、表语
Seeing is believing.
We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to
忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop
放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish
注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to
考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help
允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind
值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河
His wife doesn#39;t allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。
All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
I#39;m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Being ill for a few days,she doesn#39;t feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西
另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。
My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)
⑤作定语
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法
⑥作同位语
His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.
注意：
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
▲It is + useless+doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
▲There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。
There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)
There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)
▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”
Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)
▲be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”
He was on the point of leaving.
▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)
▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)
He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have difficulty (in) + doing sth
have trouble (in) + doing sth
have fun (in) + doing sth/
have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth
▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
I don#39;t feel like reading tonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)
China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家
The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.
(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)
The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯
注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
The story is boring.
I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)
③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。
Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(时间)
Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.(原因)
Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因)
If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(条件)
Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.(条件)
The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(结果)
He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.(伴随)
注意：分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.
②“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
③某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
Frankly speaking, I don#39;t like him at all.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she#39;ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的
注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。
Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲
篇二:[谓语]高中英语主谓一致课件
就近一致
故事：就近有一只猫和三百只老鼠在玩耍，在我看来，或者猫或者老鼠是要死的，可实际上，猫既没有把老鼠吃掉，老鼠也没有把猫整死，在长期的进化中，不仅是猫而且老鼠也知道了友善，他们彼此和谐相处了。不是猫，而是老鼠认为世界该变一变了。
译文：There is a cat and three mice playing in the yard.
解析：there be 句子是倒装结构，其中be的数的变化取决于最临近的一个主语。
例如：
Is there a banana and seven apples on the table?
译文：In my view， either cat or mice are to die in the stuggle.
解析：either…or…或者…或者…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如：
Either he or I am to be responsible for the accident.
译文：But ， to my surprise， neither mice nor cat dies.
解析：neither…nor…既不…也不…，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如：
Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.
译文：In the long run， they have become friendly to each other. Not cat but mice believe the world should change.
解析：not…but….不是…而是…. ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。
例如：
Neither the students nor the teacher runs away in the earthquake.
(符合就近原则的结构有there be， not…but…， not only…but also…， or…or…， neither…nor…)
记忆：
就近有个人在叫卖，不是老头而是老太;
不仅卖瓜而且卖菜，或者现钱或者放债，
既没有车也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送。
语法一致
故事：三国时候有一套马车金壁辉煌，它的美吸引了每一个国王，每一个国王，还有他的大臣们不止一次地想拥有这套马车，很多种方法都被他们尝试过了，但艰苦努力都是徒劳，当时有99%的人口都反对把车让给国王，因为只有勇士张飞，才是唯一有资格拥有这辆马车的人。只要这辆马车一跑，就会趟起大量的尘土。
译文：There was a cart and horse in the Three Kingdom Period， which was very splendid.
解析：
由and连接两个名词做主语，不是指同一个人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。当and连接两个表示同一个人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式，如果名词前要加冠词，往往在第一个名词前才用，第二个名词前不用冠词修饰。常见的有bread and butter， war and peace， a knife and fork， a cart and horse等。如：
(1)Fire and water don’t agree.
(2) The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.
(3) Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.
译文：Every king was attracted by its beauty.
解析：
两个并列名词分别由every，each， many a， no等修饰，做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：
(4)Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.
(5) Many a boy and many girrl made the same mistake in the exercise.
(6) No man and no animal is on the moon.
译文：The king， together with his ministers wanted more than once to own the horse and cart.
解析：
主语后面接有with， along with， together with， as well as， rather than， in addition to， like ， except， but， including， besides等词构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。如：
(7)Professor Brown with a group of students was doing experiments at that time.
(8)Our head teacher， along with his students is going to play football this weekend.
译文：Many a way was tried by them.
解析：
“more than one + 单数名词(不止一个……)”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数。如：
(9)More than one person was present at the meeting.
(10)Many a student has passed the exam.
译文：But hard working was in vain.
解析：
不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句做主语，谓语动词用单数。
(11)Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.
(12)When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
译文：99% of the population were against the king’s ownership of the cart and horse.
解析：
百分数(或分数) + of + 可数名词单数(或不可数名词)，谓语用单数;百分数 (或分数) + of +名词复数，谓语用复数。
(13)Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.
(14) More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
译文：Zhang Fei was the only one of the people who had the right to own the cart and horse.
解析：
在定语从句中关系代词做主语时，从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。在先行词前有one of修饰时，从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of， the very one of 等修饰时，从句谓语动词与one保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。如：
(15)The man who wants to see you is waiting for you at the gate.
(16)He was one of the men in the office who were invited to the ball.
(17)He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.
译文：Huge quantities of dirt were raised by the cart as long as the horse ran.
large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用复数形式。
(18)Huge quantities of good earth has been blown away in this area.
意义一致
故事：受伤的人们都戴着眼镜，正在看《一千零一夜》的故事，这时，从远处来了一群牛，牛背上驮着家具，这些家具值3万美元，这可是一大笔钱啊。
译文：The wounded were wearing glasses.
解析：
“the + 形容词或过去分词”，如：the rich， the poor， the blind， the old， the injured， the wounded做主语时，表示具体的某类人或事，谓语动词常常用复数形式。如：
The rich make the poor slaves.
The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.
.表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers， clothes，pincers， tongs 夹钳 shears，sessiors 剪子。使用这些词做主语时，谓语应该用复数。
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers，这时，谓语动词应该用单数。
A pair of glasses is necessary to the near-sighted.眼镜对近视眼患者很有必要。
译文：They are reading “the Arabian Nights”.
解析：
以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，用在句子中做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c.国家名称the United States，the United Nations，应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
“New York Times” is a very influencial paper.纽约时报是一份很有影响的报纸。
译文：Just then， a herd of cattle came from the distance， with furniture on their backs， which was worth 30’000 dollars.
解析：
集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如：people police cattle audience jewellery clothing 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，
英文中还有些单词，可以看作是一个整体，这时是单数，也可以看作是很多个体，这时表复数的概念。例如：class(班;全班同学)， team(队;全体队员)， family(家庭;全家人)等。
My class often wins first in the competition.
My class are all girl students.
The family lives happily.
The family all like potatoes and tomatoes.
以下一些词是不可数名词，在句子中当单数处理。furniture equipment
译文：30’000 dollars is a big sum of money.
解析：
表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语做主语时，常常看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单。如
(1)Another three years has passed.
(2) Thirty-six thousand francs is a big sum for the couple to pay off.
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