【www.bbjkw.net--经验交流材料】
both的用法篇(一):有趣的英文语言故事
The Thoughtful Warden故事
THE Warden of a Penitentiary was one day putting locks on the doors of all the cells when a mechanic said to him: "Those locks can all be opened from the inside - you are very imprudent."
The Warden did not look up from his work, but said: "If that is called imprudence, I wonder what would be called a thoughtful provision against the vicissitudes of fortune."
真的小猛士：美国9岁男孩徒手斗鳄鱼
A brave 9-year-old is recovering in hospital after he wrestled a 9-foot, 400lb alligator off him with his bare hands - and he now plans to make a necklace from a tooth doctors found embedded in a wound on his back.
美国佛罗里达州一名9岁的小男孩，在湖中游泳时，遭到一条长9英尺(约2.7米长)、重400磅(约180多公斤)的短吻鳄袭击，赤手与其搏斗之后，小男孩身上多处受伤，目前正在医院治疗中。医生从他背部的伤口里取出一颗短吻鳄的牙齿，小男孩表示想把它做成项链。
James Barney Jr, spoke calmly and eloquently about his ordeal from hospital, where he was tucked up in bed with a teddy bear by his side. He was covered in some 30 teeth marks, doctors said.
小男孩名叫小詹姆斯·巴尼，他在医院里平静、生动地讲述了自己与短吻鳄搏斗的经历，在他床边还放有一只泰迪熊。医生说，小詹姆斯全身有30多处牙印。
The little boy described how it was a hot day so he had parked his bike and jumped into Lake Tohopekaliga - a lake that people are forbidden to swim in - when he felt something brush against his leg.
小詹姆斯说那天特别热，于是他就把自行车停在一旁自己跳进了托霍普卡莱加湖，这个湖是禁止人们在里面游泳的，刚一进去他就感觉有东西擦到他的腿了。
"It really amazed me what happened. At first, I thought someone was just playing with me, and I didn"t know what happened," he told ABC.
“后来发生的事情真的让我大吃一惊。但开始的时候，我以为是有人在跟我闹着玩，我并不知道发生了什么事情。”他告诉广播公司(ABC)的记者。
"I reached down to grab it, and I felt its jaw, I felt its teeth, and I didn"t know what to do, so I immediately reacted and hit it a couple times. And I had enough strength to pry its jaw open." The child pulled the powerful jaws open long enough to slide out and swim to shore.
“我潜入水中抓住了它，摸到了它的下巴，摸到了它的牙齿，可不知道该怎么做，不过我立刻就反应过来了赶紧猛打了它几下，并使劲撑开了它的嘴巴。”小詹姆斯把它的嘴巴撑得足够大后赶紧退后并向岸边游去。
Witnesses say the boy surfaced, screaming that he"d been bitten by an alligator. They immediately called 911.
目击者称小男孩浮出水面后尖叫着说自己被一只短吻鳄咬到了。于是他们立刻拨打911报警。
可能导致马航飞机坠毁的原因是什么？
Traditionally regarded as one of the safest planes in the skies, the Boeing 777’s reputation will have been damaged by the second fatal crash in less than a year.
There are around 1,000 Boeing 777s in service, and the plane is a long haul workhorse, plying some of the longest routes.
It entered service in 1995 and the National Transportation Safety Board, which is responsible for monitoring US-made aircraft, has logged fewer than 60 incidents.
But the recent record has been more patchy with two major incidents - a crash at San Francisco airport last July, which claimed three lives, and the crash-landing of a British Airways 777 at Heathrow in January 2008.
But the Malaysian disaster is very different from both the BA incident and the crash involving a Asiana Airlines flight at San Francisco International Airport in July.
Both the BA and Asiana accidents occurred shortly before landing, while the Malaysia airlines plane disappeared off the radar during the early stages of the trip.
The accident at San Francisco in July was attributed to pilot error which led to the engines being set to idle because he believed the computer would maintain sufficient speed to keep the plane up in the air.
But initial reports suggest that Zaharie Ahmad Shah, the 53-year-old Malaysian airlines pilot, was hugely experienced - having joined the carrier in 1981 and with 18,365 hours in the cockpit under his belt.
The BA crash landing, which did not result in any fatalities, was finally found to have been caused by a blockage in the fuel line feeding the engine.
Simply put the aircraft had the aviation equivalent of a cardiac arrest because some of the fuel failed to melt and blocked the supply line at the end of a long flight from Beijing to London, during which the plane travelled through unusually cold airspace over Siberia.
This crash has echoes of the disaster in which 288 people on board an Air France Airbus 330. That plane, another long-haul workhorse, crashed into the Atlantic en-route from Rio de Janeiro in June 2009 killing 228 people.
A variety of explanations have been given for the Air France crash, with investigators finding that the plane’s speed sensors were giving an incorrect reading.
But with this crash involving a different aircraft, it will take several months before investigators can ascertain the cause.
据英国《每日电讯报》报道，波音777飞机一直被认为是最安全机型之一，但不到一年时间里发生第二起致命坠毁必然会使其名声受损。
波音777飞机在1995年投入使用，现在运行中的波音777飞机大约有1000架，而且它们通常承担最远距离的飞行，是长途运输的主力。负责监控美国制造飞机的美国国家运输安全委员会记录的意外事件不到60件。
但是，最近的记录却因为两次重大事件显得很突出——一件为去年7月旧金山机场的坠机事件，导致三人死亡，另一件为2008年1月在希思罗机场一架英国航空公司的波音777迫降事件。
然而，本次马航事件与英国航空公司事件以及在旧金山国际机场发生的韩亚飞机坠毁事件不同。上两次事件发生在降落前的很短时间内，而马航飞机在航程开始不久就从雷达信号中消失了。
7月的旧金山机场事件归因于飞行员的错误操作，飞行员认为电脑能保持足够的速度使飞机保持空中高度，因此使发动机处于闲置状态。但是，初步报告表明53岁的马航飞行员沙阿飞行经验丰富——1981年进入马航，飞行时间已达1.8365万个小时。
英国航空公司的飞机迫降事件，没有造成人员死亡，失事原因最终确定为连接引擎的燃油管线堵塞。
假设把这次飞机失事的原因比作心脏骤停，原因是在北京到伦敦飞行的最后，经过了西伯利亚不同寻常的寒冷上空，一部分燃料没有融化堵住了供应管道。
本次马航事件让人联想到当年载有288名乘客的法航空客330坠毁事件。这架长途飞行的客机在2009年6月从里约热内卢起飞后在途中坠入大西洋，造成228人死亡。
对于法航飞机坠毁事件的原因，有多个解释，但调查发现飞机的速度传感器给出了错误的读数。但是本次马航事件的飞机与前面所述飞机不同，可能需要几个月的调查才能确定其原因。
云南鲁甸6.5级地震 2500余名官兵赶赴救援
China has deployed 2,500 soldiers to the south-western province of Yunnan to help search for survivors after an earthquake killed at least 398 people.
中国西南省份云南日前发生地震，目前已造成至少398人死亡，政府已出动2500名官兵赶往灾区协助搜救工作。
More than 1,800 people were injured when the magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck on Sunday.
云南周日发生6.1级地震，导致1800余人受伤。
Attempts to reach the epicentre have been hampered by heavy rain, with some rescuers forced to travel on foot.
救援队因暴雨受阻，只能徒步前往震中。
State broadcaster CCTV said the earthquake was the strongest to hit the mountainous province in 14 years.
中国国家电视台CCTV称，云南多山，此次地震是14年来云南省内最强的一次地震。
President Xi Jinping called for "all-out efforts" to find survivors as he dispatched soldiers to the area.
国家主席习近平在向灾区派兵的同时还作出指示，要将救人放在第一位。
They joined more than 300 police and firefighters from Zhaotong and about 400 emergency workers and sniffer dogs from across Yunnan province in the rescue operation.
参与救援行动的还有300余名昭通的武警公安和消防官兵，以及云南省派出的400名救灾人员和搜救犬。
But rescuers trying to deliver the much-needed supplies are struggling to reach the area, reports the BBC"s Celia Hatton in Beijing.
但据BBC驻北京记者西莉亚·哈顿报道，搜救人员无法很快将应急物资送往震中。
Unrelenting rain and continuing landslides have left many roads in the region too damaged to use, she adds.
她补充说道，持续的暴雨和山体滑坡导致前往灾区的多个路段受阻。
Premier Li Keqiang has travelled to the area to oversee the rescue operation. And he had to walk for "over three miles" (5km) to reach the worst-hit village in Yunnan on Monday.
周一，中国国务院总理李克强赴云南视察灾情时需徒步“3英里多”(5千米)才能走到受灾最严重的村镇。
A spokesman for UN chief Ban Ki-moon said the secretary-general was "saddened by the loss of life".
联合国秘书长潘基文的发言人称，秘书长对云南地震造成人员伤亡表示悲痛。
South-west China lies in an area that is prone to earthquakes.
中国西南地区处于地震多发带。
An earthquake in Sichuan in 2008 killed tens of thousands of people while a magnitude 7.7 quake in Yunnan in 1970 killed at least 15,000.
2008年四川地震导致几万人遇难，1970年云南7.7级地震遇难人数超过1.5万人。
在我们死后，我们的挚爱可以获得我们的网络账户密码吗？
Should Your Family Get Access To Your Online Accounts When You Die?
It"s a question that will eventually—hopefully not soon!—confront you, me, and every other person reading this: Should our loved ones gain access to our digital lives, from email to Instagram to financial accounts, after we die? A cadre of state-appointed lawyers are creating a bill that would allow for just that.
This is one of the more important legal dilemmas of recent years, and only a few states have clear laws on whether, say, a parent should gain access to their child"s Facebook if the child dies, or whether a wife should get access to financial information locked in her deceased husband"s email account. This week at its annual meeting, the Uniform Law Commission—a Chicago-based group of lawyers who are appointed to write clear and stable language for new legislation—will finalize its recommended language for a law that would give loved ones access to all of your digital accounts after you die. Unless you specify otherwise.
As the AP reports today, the bill would create a legal process for gaining access, which can be incredibly difficult today:
Most people assume they can decide what happens by sharing certain passwords with a trusted family member, or even making those passwords part of their will. But in addition to potentially exposing passwords when a will becomes public record, anti-hacking laws and most company"s "terms of service" agreements prohibit anyone from accessing an account that isn"t theirs. That means loved ones technically become criminals if they log on to a dead person"s account.
And that"s assuming they even have the password. Going up against giants like Google makes the process even more difficult. And for a grieving family, it can be all but impossible.
The bill would give access—but not control—to loved ones unless they specifically wrote in their will that they wouldn"t allow it.
[有趣的英文语言故事]相关文章：
1.语言故事活动教案
2.大班的造字语言故事
3.语言故事教学反思
4.小班语言故事：交换
5.小班语言故事的教案
6.有趣的寓言故事大全
7.语言组织编故事的活动
8.大班语言故事说课稿
9.学前班语言故事的教案
10.语言故事主题活动教案
both的用法篇(二):现在完成时课件免费
现在完成时课件免费
教学过程
一、复习预习
1.引入：I have read this book twice. Read 动作发生在过去。
2.现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
3.现在完成时结构中have/has的作用：通过do/dose/be等联想法推导出have/has的语法能。
二、知识讲解
本节课主要知识点解析，中高考考点、易错点分析
考点/易错点1
基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven"t/hasn"t.(否定) 用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义是：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段）或since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
考点/易错点2
现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：
一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？ ①一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, last year, just now等连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。
②现在完成时与自已的特征词already ，yet ，just ，ever ，never，before等连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表示他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）
③现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。如：live， work，study等。而一般现在时对动词是否延续无任何要求。
时间状语的区别：
除了我们讲过的already, yet, still，just, ever, never, since短语和 for短语外，还有许多时间状语常用于现在完成时，我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来：
1. lately, recently是完成时的时间状语；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是过去时的时间状语。如：
Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，常用于完成时中；in the past意思是“在过去”，常用于过去时中。 如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成时，而后两者常用于过去时。如：
She"s lived here ever since then. I didn"t hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成时；...ago通常用于过去时。如：
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前为止”， these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如： So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
考点/易错点3：
现在完成时动词持续性用法
持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
for + 段时间 ／ since +点时间
例：
1）I"ve lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I"ve lived here since 21 years ago.
= I"ve lived here for 21 years.
= It is 21 years since I began to live here.
注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1） 他入团两年了。
误：He has joined the League for two years．
正：He has been a League member for two years．
区别：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。 如：
I"ve just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：
I"ve been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
三、例题精析
【试题】3~5道
【例题1】
【【题干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what"s happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
【答案】B
【解析】现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。正确答案是B。
【例题2】
【题干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
【答案】B
【解析】现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故应选B。
【例题3】
【题干】—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
【答案】B
【解析】现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故正确答案为B。
四、课堂运用
【基础】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what"s happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. Still
3. Have you met Mr Li ______?
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
答案及解析：
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
【巩固】
1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
答案及解析：
1、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/"last + 一段时间"等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故2应选D。
2、C
3、现在完成时时常与"for +时间段或since +过去时间点"连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故3应选C。
【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
3. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
答案及解析：
1、C
2、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故2应选B。
3、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week ,
a moment ago等）连用。故3的正确答案为B。）
课程小结
1. 现在完成时的定义
2. 现在完成时里表示一段时间的延续性动词以及连续性动词的用法
3. 现在完成时和一般过去时对比和总结
课后作业
【基础】
1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
3. -Do you know him well ?
Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
答案及解析：
1、B
2、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
3.B
【巩固】
1. -How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. Began
3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was
答案及解析：
1、A 2、C 3、A。
【拔高】
1. Miss Green isn"t in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?
A. so they B. don"t they C. have they D. haven"t they
答案及解析：
1、"have/has gone to + 地点"表示"某人去了某地（还未回来）"，指主语所指的人不在这儿。"have/has been in + 地点"表示"在某地呆了多长时间"，常与表示时间的状语连用。"have/has been to +地点"表示"曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。"故16的正确答案为A。
2、A
3、D
本文来源：https://www.bbjkw.net/fanwen50259/
推荐访问:both and的用法