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语法是语言学的一个分支，研究按确定用法来运用的词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。以下是小学生作文网www.zzxu.cn小编为你推荐的主谓一致和短文填空，希望对你有所帮助。主谓一致和短文填空
1. 语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
【考点聚焦】主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容：
1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、v-ing或者从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。
The apple is still green.
It’s very beautiful.
Seeing is believing.
To learn English well is very necessary .
Who will be sent there is not known to us all .
The books on the desk are mine .
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
The wife and husband are from Shanghai .
The poet and writer has come.
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
4、名词或代词后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with, along with，like 等引导的介词短语作主语时 ，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。例如：
The woman with two children is my aunt .
All my classmates but Lucy are here now .
注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。
Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.
5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle(牛), clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
The people are talking in the room .
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
My class is like a big family .
我的班级像是一个大家庭。
The class are all reading their books .
全班的同学都在读书。
7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.
No news is good news.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数
The rich are not always happy .
10、由some-, any-, no-, every-和-one，- thing ，-body 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
Everyone is here today 。
Everything is ready now 。
Nobody is allowed to break the rule .
11、有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors剪刀 ,gloves, pants , shorts等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Ten days is a long time for me .
Five yuan is enough .
13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
14、疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。 但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。
Part of the work has been done by us .
Ten percent of the apples were bad .
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .
One third of the population are workers.
16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
The rest of books are mine.
The rest of milk has gone bad .
17、由what 引出的从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。
18、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接并列主语，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
Neither they nor I am a worker .
Does not only he but also I go to bed early ?
19、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There is a pen ,two pencils and three knives here.
Here are you apples .
Here is your money .
20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
A number of students like playing basketball .
The number of students in our class is 50.
21、“one or two +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。
One or two pears go bad .
22、 many a +单数名词 (许多……) ; more than one +单数名词(不止一……)作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。注意： “more than +基数词+复数名词”结构或“more +复数名词+ than one做主语时，谓语用复数。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.
More members than one are against your plan.
23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，作主语，谓语用单数;this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人，口语中用)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind=these kind of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数。
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
24、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only，the very 就用复数形式。
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
He was the only one of the students who was late for school.
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours?
—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
A. Is， is B. Are， is C. Is， are D. Are， are
3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone
5. —What’s on the plate?
—There _____ some rice on it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Five years _____ since we met last.
A. have passed B. has past
C. has passed D. have pasted
7. Here _____ some flowers for you.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. There __________ a number of teachers， but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.
A. are， are B. are， is C. is， are D. is， is
9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking
10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen.
A. is B. are C. has been D. can
13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.
A. are B. is C. will D. am
15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.
A. are B. is C. go D. goes
201203
When I was walking down the street one day , I s______ a small bag on the ground . I picked it up and opened it to see w_______ I could find out the owner’s name . There was n_______ inside it except some dollars and a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old . I put the photo back and took the bag to the police station . Before I left , the policeman wrote down my name and my a_______ . He thought the owner might want to thank me .
That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle . They had also asked a young woman to have dinner with us . Her face was familiar , but I couldn’t r_______ where I had seen her . D________ our talk , the young woman happened to say that she had l_______ her bag that afternoon . All at once I remembered w_______ I had seen her . She was the young girl in the photo . though she looked now much o______ than the girl in the picture . She was very s_______ , of course , when I told her about the bag . After dinner we went to the police station and got back her bag . The policeman said to me , “It’s a wonderful thing . You found not only the bag , but also the owner of the bag .”
1_________ 2_____________ 3_____________ 4____________ 5_____________
6_________ 7_____________ 8_____________ 9____________ 10_____________
201204
Only mother love is true love. It gives e____1_____ everything all his life. When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and n_____2_____ and forgets about herself. When you are growing up day by day, she feels very happy.
When you are old e___3_______ to go to school, mother still looks after you all the t___4____ . On cold winter days, she always tells you to p___5____ on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back from school every day. When you hurry to leave home for school with little b____6_____ . She always feels worried about you at home. She u____7___knows about your study and spend much money on your school things. When you do well at school , you will see the brightest s_____8_____ on her face. Mother can do everything for you day after day.
Mother is always ready to give everything she has to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the w_____9___ ! We will r______10______ mother love for ever!
1_________ 2__________ 3___________ 4__________ 5 __________
6_________ 7__________ 8___________ 9__________ 10 __________
201208
When you go to England you may find the traffic there is different from ours. As a f_______ (1) you must be c_______ (2) in the streets, because the traffic g______ (3) on the left. You must look to the right and then the left before you cross a street.
In the morning and in theevening when people go to or come back from work, the streets are very b______ (4). traffic is most d_______ (5) then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to take care, too. Always r______ (6) the traffic m ______ (7) on the left. You have to t______ (8) a look first or you will go to the w_______ (9) way.
In many English cities there are big buses with two f______ (10). You can sit on the second one. From there you can see the city very well.
1. __________ 2 __________ 3 __________ 4 __________ 5 ____________
6. __________ 7 __________ 8 __________ 9 __________ 10____________
Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D
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