【www.bbjkw.net--书信作文】
英语基础知识大全篇一:2015英语应用文写作基础大全
一、LETTER(书信)
书信通常由信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、谦称和签名六个部分构成。
1.从信纸中偏右处向右写发信人的地址和写信日期。由小到大，分数行书写，同一行的两部分之间用逗号隔开。顺序为：门牌号→楼号→街名→城镇名→省名→邮政编码→国名(在寄往国外时)。美国人常采用左边开头式;英国人常采取每行逐渐向右缩进式。注意要把地址写在上面，日期写在下面，每个词的首字母要大写。日期的写法与日记中日期写法相同。
2.从信纸的左上方比信头(发信人的地址和写信日期)低1—2行处顶格写收信人姓名、地址，常采用齐头式，姓名在上，地址在下，写法同发信人地址。若是私人信函，这一部分可省略不写。
3.称呼要从信纸左边顶格写起，其位置低于信头和信内地址。对不熟悉的女性用Dear Madam，Dear Ladies，作称呼语;对不熟悉的男性用Dear Sir，Dear Sirs，作称呼语;对所熟悉的人用Dear Tom，Dear Mary，即：在Dear后直写其名作称呼语;对有地位头衔的人用“Dear+ 头衔+姓”作为称呼语，如：Dear Editor Kang，Dear Doctor Li，Dear Professor Zhao，对一般人用Dear Mr Lin，Dear Ms Li，Dear Miss Liu。即：在Dear后加尊称加姓氏作为称呼语。美国人在称呼语后用冒号，英国人用逗号。
4.正文是信的主体。一般在称呼下一行顶格写起，从第二段起，在起首处空4—6个字母的距离。书信可根据表达的需要，灵活选用时态。起首语常用：(1)Your letter came to me this afternoon.(2)I"m very glad to receive your letter.(3)Your letter reached me yest erday.(4)I have the pleasure to tell you that…(5)I"m glad to tell you that…(6) I was shocked to learn that…(7)Thank you for writing to me.(8)Thanks for your lett er .It was lovely to hear from you.结束语常用：(1)Please remember me to…(2)With be st wishes to your family.(3)I wish to inform you that…(4)Please write soon.(5)I m ust stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do.(6)Wish you the best of s uccess.(7)Wish you the best of health.(8)Give my best wishes to …
5.结尾的谦称是在正文下面，信纸中间偏右所写的客套语。第一个字母要大写，末尾用逗号。北美洲的国家常把yours放在后边，欧洲国家常把yours放在前边。写给上级、长者、位尊者常用：Yours respectfully，Respectfully yours，Yours，Very respectfully，Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours;写给不认识的人时常用：Yours truly，Yours faithfully;写给朋友时常用：Yours lovely;Yours，Yours ever;写给亲属和挚友时常用：Your loving daughter，Your loving son，Yours，Yours affectionately.
6.签名一般写在谦称下一行偏右，使尾字母与谦称尾字母对齐。
7.范文请参阅：NMET1995书面表达;JEFCⅡ-Unit 16;SEFC1A-Unit 1。
8.书信除按以上格式书写之外，现在英美人士常把书信的六个部分，按照顺序一律从信纸左边顶格写完六个部分，且用的人越来越多。
二、DIARY(日记)
日记是用来记述一天生活中发生的重要事情及感受的文体。
1.在纸的左上角顶格写星期和日期。星期在左，常用Sunday，Monday，Tuesday，Wednesday，T hursday，Friday，Saturday。日期在右，美国人习惯上先写月，再写日，最后写年。如：October 20，1998。英国人习惯上先写日，再写月，最后写年;如：20 June 1998。
2.在纸的右上角写天气。表示天气情况时常用Bright，Clear，Sunny，Fine(晴);Cloudy(多云);Rainy(雨);Overcast(阴);Foggy(雾);Windy(风);Hot(热);Haily(冰雹);Sh ower(阵雨);Warm(暖和);Thundering(雷雨);Snowy(雪);Fog(雾)。
3.日记的小标题写在第二行，也可省略。
4.正文第一段常顶格书写，也可不顶格写。日记记述的是当天或前一天发生过的事情，所以，日记常用一般过去时写。
5.若要表达自己的感受、想法，针对某件事发表议论，进行说理，或者为了抒情、描景写人生动，则用一般现在时。
6.范文请参阅：JEFCⅡ-Unit 27;SEFC1A-Unit 14;SEFC1A《同步听力》p.49;NMET1992和N MET1998书面表达;JEFCⅢ-Unit 23。
三、CARDS OF CONGRATULATION(贺卡)
贺卡是逢年过节，向亲朋好友表示祝贺的最方便的方式。贺卡可分为圣诞卡、贺年卡、教师节贺卡及纪念日卡等等，写法格式通常有两种。一种由称呼、贺词、祝贺人签名三部分构成 ，另一种用短信代替卡片。
1.称呼是指祝贺人对受贺人的称呼，一般从卡片的左上方写起。常用：To dear+受贺人称谓，To+受贺人称谓，也可以省略前边的to，称呼后用逗号。如：To dear teacher，Mr and Mrs Mike
2.贺词是向受贺人表达良好祝愿的话。一般写在称呼下一行，句首可与称呼语齐头，也可以向右空出4—6个字母。写贺年片时常用：(1)May the New Year be a happy one for you all!(2)Best wishes to the four of you for a prosperous and Happy New Year!(3)Happy New Year to you!(4)A Happy New Year!(5)Wish to see more of you next year!(6)Best wishes for a bright New Year!(7)You"ll have a very Happy New Year!(8)Let me wish you and your family a Happy and Healthy New Year!(9)I do hope this finds you well with a Happy New Year ahead!(10)I wish you the Happiest Possible New Year!写教师节贺卡时常用：(1)Happy Teachers" Day!(2)Good Luck!(3)Best wishes!(4)We hope you"ll have a very happy year in our class.(5)Thank you for teaching us so well.(6)With our best wishes for Teachers"Day.(7)Hope you are having a very Pleasant Day.(8)Hope it will bring you Good Health and Happiness.(9)I am thinking of you often.(10)All my family joins me in wishing you health and happiness.写圣诞卡时常用：(1)A Merry Christmas!(2)I wish you a Merry Christmas!(3)Hope you have a very Good Christmas!( 4)May this Christmas be your Merriest!(5)We send our love to all of you and the hope that you"ll have a Merry Christmas!(6)Hope you"ll have a very merry Christmas!( 7) Merry Christmas!(8)A merry Christmas to you.(9)A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!(10)Best wishes to you for a Prosperous and Merry Christmas!写生日贺卡时常用：(1)Happy birthday to you!(2)Happy birthday!(3)With Best Wishes for a Happy Brithday!
3.祝贺人签名一般写在贺卡的右下方，把from常常加在姓名前，也可以省略from。如：From your student Liu Zhong，From Mr and Mrs White，Your loving son Lei，Your students，
4.贺卡也可以用短信形式书写，在逢年过节或者特别纪念日，把贺词连同你的近况等写成短信，寄给亲朋好友。
范文请参阅：JEFCⅠ-99;JEFCⅢ-Unit 1;JEFCⅢp.97。
四、NOTICE(通知)
通知又称通告或布告，是上级对下级、组织对成员部署工作、传达事情、召开会议所使用的一种文体。
1.通知的第一行正中写发出通知的单位名称，发出通知的单位名称还可以写在正文下方的右侧，也可以把单位省略不写。
2.把NOTICE写在正文上方正中的位置。
3.正文是通知的内容，是通知的主体。要简明扼要地把通知的对象、事由、时间、地点及内容写清楚，语言应简洁明了，条理清晰，要求明确，常用一般现在时和一般将来时写。
4.在正文下方的左侧写出通知的日期，日期也可省略不写。
5.广播通知和口头通知，在开头要用称呼语，常用的称呼语有：(1)Boys and Girls，(2)De ar friends，(3)Ladies，(4)Dear ladies，(5)Gentlmen，(6)Ladies and gentlmen，(7)Comrades，常把称呼语从左侧顶格书写，在后面用逗号或冒号。
6.常用的正文开头用语有：(1)May I have your attention，please?(2)Attention，please !I have something to tell you.(3)Attention，please!I have an announcement to make.(4)Attention，please!I have good news for you all.(5)Attention please，everyone!
7.常用的正文结尾用语有：(1)That"s all!Thank you!(2)Please be there on time.(3)E ver yone is welcome.(4)Don"t be late，will you?(5)Thank you for your attention.(6)Don "t be late!(7)Don"t forget，will you?(8)We must get there on time.(9)I hope all of you will have a good time.
8.在正文中常用的句式有：(1)It has been decided that we"ll visit…(2)We have dec ided that we"ll pay a visit to…(3)We"ll have a talk from…to…(4)Professor Liu will give us a talk on…(5)The football star will give us a lecture on…(6)You are r equired to come on time.(7)A lecture will be given by….(8)There will be a visit to …(9)A talk will be given by…(10)I’m sure we"ll learn a lot of things from it. (11)It will be given in…(12)You"d better take your valuables with you.
9.范文请参阅：SEFC1A-Unit 6;NMET1989高考书面表达答案;NMET1994高考书面表达答案。
五、MESSAGE(留言条)
留言条是转达事情所使用的一种便条。
1.若拿起电话听筒，对方要找的人未在场时，你可以签写一张留言条。正中上方写TELEPHONE MESSAGE，在左边的“From”：后签对方的姓名，在右边的“To”：后签要找的人的姓名，在左边的 “Date”：后写接电话的日期，在右边的“Time”：后写接电话的时间。在“Message”：后写所要通知的事情，这部分是主体，写清人物、时间、地点和事由。在右下边的Signature：后签写留言条人的姓名。
2.留言条也可以把“FROM：”、“TO：”、“DATE：”、“MESSAGE：”按顺序从上到下顶格齐头排列，把“TIME：”写在“DATE：”的后边，省略“SIGNATURE：”。
3.在MESSAGE：后常写的句式有：(1)He wants to see you as soon as possible.(2)He w ould like to meet you…(3)Be sure to call…(4)She wants to meet…
4.若要找某人安排工作、通知会议等，当要找的人不在时，写一张内容简短的书信，右上边写日期，第二行从左边顶格写称呼，第三行从左边起写正文，在正文右下方签名。
5.范文请参阅：JEFCⅢ-Unit 10。
六、WRITTEN REQUEST FOR LEAVE(请假条)
请假条是日常生活和工作中，临时遇到一些事情或因生病等需要请假，给主管部门的负责人所写的简便字据。格式与书信格式大致相同，在纸的第一行右边写请假日期，在第二行左边顶格写称呼语，称呼语后用逗号。在第三行左边起首处空4—6个字母的距离，开始写正文。内容、事由、时间写清就行。在正文下偏右处写谦称，在谦称下写姓名。
1.写请假条时常用语有：(1)I"m sorry I can"t come to school because…(2)My grandm ot her is seriously ill. There is no one at home…(3)I have got a high fever and cough badly…(4)I"m writing to ask for sick leave of one day.(5)I can"t go to school be cause I have got a cold.(6)Please give an extension of leave for two days.(7)I have to go to Xi"an tomorrow because…(8)I have got things to do this afternoon.I"m writing to ask for leave…(9)I want to ask for…leave.
2.若请病假，常在假条后附医生建议书。
七、POSTAL TELEGRAM(电报)
电报是与外地进行紧急通讯交流的有效手段，是准确传递信息的有效途径，是一种对文字力求精炼、准确与简明的文体。
1.正上方的空白栏由邮局营业员填写。如：报费、流水号码、记账号码、原来号码、发出时间、营业员、值机员、报类、字数、发出局名和日期时间。
2.电文第一行在左边顶格写称呼，常直呼其名，一般要大写，不要标点符号。
3.电文第二行和第三行写收报人的地址。
4.从第四行左边顶格写正文，正文全文都用大写字母，有时也可以把各词的第一个字母大写。一般只写实词，虚词常常省略。电文控制在10个字以内最为节约。
5.电文中常用动词不定式表示要求对方行动，用现在分词表示自己的行为。
6.常用电文有：(1)Send Money Soon〈速汇款〉(2)Arriving Home Safely<平安抵家>(3)Best Wishes on Your Birthday〈谨贺生日愉快〉(4)Mother Illness Critical Return Soonest〈母病危速归〉(5)Unable Return Sunday Giving Date Later<星期日不能回来归期容后 告 知>(6)Urgent Business Return Immediately<事急速归>(7)Send if Found Bag<若发现提 包请寄还>(8)Why Unmoney<为什么没寄款>(9)Arriving 9∶00 Morning Can You Meet<上午 9 ∶00到达盼接>(10)Express Sorrow For Your Mother"s Death〈惊闻令堂仙逝不胜悲痛〉
7.在正文右下方署名。
八、CERTIFICATE OF MERIT(奖状)
奖状是给获胜者及取得显著成绩的工作者所颁发的荣誉证明。
英语基础知识大全篇二:英语写作基础知识点
英语写作是高考考试要点，下面让我们来看看英语写作基础知识点之句子的知识点归纳！
英语写作基础知识点之句子
☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。
☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。
主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V
It will rain tomorrow.
He often runs in the morning.
They cried.
Tom exercises every day.
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O
I miss my mother very much.
She wants to go home now.
The English club is going to hold an English party.
They all love her.
主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P
The music sounds wonderful.
The leaves have turned red.
She is a student.
We keep silent about that.
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO
The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.
They told me an interesting story.
The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.
My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.
Miss Smith teaches us English.
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语： S+V+O+C
They call me Xiao Wang.
I saw him swimming in the river.
We elected him monitor of the class.
练习
写出下列句子所属的类型
1．In other words，we are the master of our own future.
2．This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
3．A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.
4．Should we sacrifice our children’s future for our own interests?
5．Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.
6. The sun sets in the west.
7. My dictionary is in the bookcase.
8. Rainy days make me sad.
9. Tom often hears his sister singing in the next room.
10. She has not received a letter from her boyfriend for a long time.
11. The woman showed her husband a picture.
12. The student offered a seat to the old man.
13. Mr. Green taught us how to use the Internet.
14. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
15. He is becoming stronger and stronger.
16. He gave up smoking at last.
17. The plane takes off at 8:30 a.m.
18. All of them laughed.
19. Everybody likes Andy Lau.
答案
1. 主语＋系动词＋表语 S+V+P
2. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
S+V+IO+DO
3. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) S+V
4. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 S+V+O
5. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
S+V+O+C
6. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) S+V
7. 主语＋系动词＋表语 S+V+P
8. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
S+V+O+C
9. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
S+V+O+C
10. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 S+V+O
11. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
S+V+IO+DO
12. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
S+V+IO+DO
13. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
S+V+IO+DO
14. 主语＋系动词＋表语 S+V+P
15. 主语＋系动词＋表语 S+V+P
16. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 S+V+O
17. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) S+V
18. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) S+V
19. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 S+V+O
英语基础知识大全篇三:英语基础知识相似词语辨析
英语基础知识相似词语辨析
act as，act like
乍然看来，act as和 act like是两个同义短语，在涵义上无甚区别可言，其实不然。
Act as的意思是充当、担任，相当于 serve as，可与人或物词如：doctor、director、interpreter、guide、coach、 teacher、go-between、furniture、tools等字搭配使用。as是连词，引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句。例：
This herb can act as an antidote against snakebite．
这种药草可以用作蛇咬的解毒药。
Last summer she acted as a guide for tourists．
去年夏天，她担任旅游向导。
This coin may act as a screwdriver．
这枚硬币可以充当螺丝起子用。
Mr．Liu acted as group leader while Mr．Zhang was ill．
张先生生病时，刘先生任组长。
请注意，有时候，act for与act as的意义颇相近，但它们在表示概念方面互不相同。act as是（临时）充当或起的作用； act for则表示代理的涵义。请比较下一句和前述句：
Mr．Liu acted for Mr．Zhang while，the latter was ill．
张先生患病期间，刘先生代理他的工作。
Act like的意思是行为像、举动像，相当于英语的 to act in the manner of，它常与人或动物名词连用。like是介词，其后接宾语。例：
That child acts like a grown-up．
本文来源：https://www.bbjkw.net/zuowen146665/
推荐访问:小学英语基础知识大全