2017黄浦区高三英语一模|2017届高三英语循序写作

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第一步从写对句子开始(用时 3 周) 写作中写对句子是最基本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。所以，同学 们在平时训练时一定要从掌握最基本的句子成分和基本句式做起，通过观摩、背诵、仿写， 最终写出准确无误的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足，也一定 要写得像模像样，硬伤不多!所以学写作，要先从最基本的句子抓起。 以下是小学生作文网www.zzxu.cn小编为你推荐的各司其职的8大句子成分，希望对你有所帮助。

　　各司其职的8大句子成分

　　第一周 各司其职的 8 大句子成分

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　　句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。 一、主语——句子的主体 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确 切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数 词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。 The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.(2015· 广东 高考读写任务) 我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(名词短语作主语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1.有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到的更多。(动名词短语作主语) Sometimes giving_up_a_little can mean getting more.(2015· 浙江高考书面表达) 2.如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。(不定式短语作主语) How_to_get_along_well_with_others is the second thing you should learn.(2014· 江西高 考满分作文) 3.我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。(从句作主语) What_I_am_going_to_tell_you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.(2015· 天津高考满分作文) 二、谓语——主语的行为 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、 状态或特征。 实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语， 有时态、 人称和数的变化;系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语;助动词和情态动词也 不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”可以作谓语。 Half an hour later, I managed to find the right answer.(2015· 湖北高考短文写作) 半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。(实义动词作谓语)

　　[即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1.我认为今天的孩子应当学着尊敬长辈。(“情态动词+定义动词”作谓语) I think today's children should_learn to respect their elders. 2.手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语) The watch is_necessary in our daily life, but its function

　　is_too_simple_and_dull.(2014· 湖南高考满分作文) 三、宾语——动作的对象 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有： 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。 I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(2015· 浙江高考书面表达) 我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1.我真的希望你能给我一些如何学习英语的好的建议。(从句作宾语) I really hope that_you_can_give_me_some_good_advice on how to study

　　English.(2015· 四川高考书面表达) 2.他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语) Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out. 四、表语——主语的特征 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)， 用来说明主语的特征、 类属、 状态、 身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动 名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.(2015· 湖北高考短 文写作) 尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语) Several minutes passed but the whole class was in_complete_silence.(2015· 湖南高考书 面表达) 五、定语——名词的修饰语 定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定 语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.(2015· 安徽高考书面表达)

　　最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。(从句作定语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 彼此坦诚相待是交友的最好方法。(不定式短语作定语) Being honest with each other is the best way to_make_friends. 六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副 词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。 Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(2014· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过，这样我们就会有更加良好 的关系。 (独立主格结构和从句作状语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 1.旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语) After a week's trip, he returned home, tired_but_very_happy. 2.为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不 定式短语作状语) In_order_to_solve_this_problem,_my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.(2014· 北京高考满分作文) 七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明 补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意 义的句子成分叫做主语补足语;补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作 补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。 ①Hopefully, these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.(2015· 天津高考书面表达) 这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。(不定式短语作宾补) ②Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best. 如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。(形容词作主补) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾补) Popular science books can help us students to_become_more_interested_in_ science _and_nature.(2014· 浙江高考满分作文) 八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句 子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名

　　词和从句等。 We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(2015· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。 (名词作同位语) [即时演练] 根据括号内的提示完成句子 一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好;另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。 (从句作同位语) On the one hand, I have strong belief that_I_will_do_well_in_the_exam;_on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.(2014· 四川高考书面表达) [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.分析句子成分 1. Recently I have carried out a survey among the students ① ② ③ ④

　　in our class. ⑤ ①状语 2. ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语 ⑤状语

　　One day some of my students were talking about what we ① ② ③

　　would like to be in the future. ④ ①状语 3. ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语

　　Music can make our mind in a peaceful state after a whole ① ② ③ ④

　　day of tiring work. ⑤ ①主语 4. ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾补 ⑤状语

　　The meeting held yesterday was important. ① ② ③ ②定语 ③谓语(系动词+表语)

　　①主语 5.

　　Every day he was forced to work from morning till night. ① ② ③ ④ ②主语 ③谓语 ④主补

　　①状语 6.

　　Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school ① ② next week. ③

　　①主语

　　②谓语

　　③同位语

　　Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文 (2016· 东北三校高三联考)Good morning, everyone!It's my honor ①to_be_here_to _make_a_short_speech (在这里作一个简短的报告，用不定式短语作真正主语和状语). Recently I have found ②that_some_of_our_classmates_can't_study_effectively (我们一 些 同 学 不 能 有 效 地 学 习 ， 用 宾 语 从 句 ) . Some can't help falling asleep in class, ③because_they_often_study_too_late_into_the_night (因为他们经常学习到深夜，用状语从 句). Others seldom have sports, ④which_surely_does_harm_to_their_health (这确实对他们 的健康有害，用定语从句). As we know, enough sleep is ⑤of_great_importance(非常重要，用介词短语作表语) for us Senior 3 students. We can concentrate our mind in class with sufficient sleep, so we should try to make wise use of our time, ⑥making_a_balance_between_work_and_leisure (在学习 和休息上取得平衡，用现在分词作状语). Besides, ⑦doing_proper_exercise_every_day (每天 适当地锻炼，用动名词作主语) can benefit us a lot, keeping fit, reducing stress and so on. Let's spare some time ⑧to_do_all_kinds_of_sports (做各种运动，用不定式短语作状语). And only in this way can we keep a good mood and study well. That's all. Thank you for listening! 第二周 万变不离其宗的 5 种基本句式 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各 种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基本句式如下： 主语+谓语?不及物动词? 主语+谓语?及物动词?+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语?及物动词?+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语?及物动词?+宾语+宾语补足语 一、主语+谓语(不及物动词) 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意 思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ①This_camp will open on July 20th. (2015· 北京高考书面表达) 训练营将于 7 月 20 号开始。 ②Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.(2013· 江西高考书面表达) 沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。 In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly. 2.因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。

　　Therefore, this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being recently.(2014· 湖南高考书面 表达) 3.这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。 Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly. 二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意 思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者， 才能表达完整的意思。 ①I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.(2015· 湖南 高考书面表达) 我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。 ②At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift.(2014· 重庆高考写作) 十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。 [点津] 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词或及物动词短语。 ③As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.(2015· 陕西高考书面表达) 作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。 Finally, we_should_take_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities frequently.(2014· 江西 高考书面表达) 2.最近几年，我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。 Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other. 三、主语+系动词+表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用 系动词(主要是 be 动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。 ①The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。 ②Such_a_positive_attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.(2014· 安徽 高考书面表达) 这种对生活的积极态度有助于振奋你的情绪。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。 In my opinion, a person without friends can_never_be_happy.(2014· 山东高考写作)

　　2.总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。 In a word, my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful.(2014· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 3.总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。 In conclusion, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life. 四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。 ①First he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.(2015· 北京高 考书面表达) 首先他向我们展示了做面人的基本步骤和技能。 ②At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.(2013· 福建高 考满分作文) 同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well. 2.幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。 Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview. 五、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加 上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的， 直接跟在宾语之后。 ①Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014· 辽宁高考书面 表达) 你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。 ②Obviously, a_good_learning_habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(2013· 四川高考满分作文) 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject. 2.从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。 People have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times. [综合演练提能]

　　Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型 1.In other words, we are the master of our own future. 主语+系动词+表语 2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests? 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1.现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语+系动词+表语) Nowadays afterclass activities are_becoming_more_and_more_popular in high schools. 2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语) We haven't decided when_to_discuss_the_problem_again. 3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night. 4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) Every morning we hear him read_English_aloud. 5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语+系动词+表语，动名词作主语) Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit. 6.最近 10 年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语) Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years. 7.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) You will find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge. 8.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语+谓语+宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语) I really appreciate_your_coming_over to help me with my math. Ⅲ.按要求完成下列题目 (Ⅰ)用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式 1.你已经让我了解了你们美丽的城市。 You've_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) 2. 我将要告诉你有关我的家乡江城的一些事情。 I'll_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng.( 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语)

　　3.这座城市位于长江沿岸。 The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River.(主语+谓语) 4.它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。 It_is_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in.(主语+系动词+表语) 5.近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。 Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years.(主语+谓语) 6.像污染一样的新问题正变得越来越严重。 _New_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious.( 主语+系 动词+表语) 7.江城应该科学地发展经济。 Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically._(主语+谓语+宾语) 8.这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。 The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.( 主语+谓语+宾语 +宾语补足语) (Ⅱ)适当添加细节用 6 个简单句将(Ⅰ)中的句子合并成一篇短文 You've_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city._Now_I'll_tell_you_something_about _my_hometown_Jiangcheng._The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River,_a_ beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in._Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_ past_ten_years._However,_new_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_ more_serious._Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically_so_as_to_make_its_ people_happier_and_happier. 第三周 考场作文常见的 3 类错误及防范措施 一、考场作文常见的 3 类错误 考场作文常见的错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。 (一)词汇类错误 考试时，我们很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误;而词性不清和词汇用法方面 的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形 变化的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改 动。 1.单词拼写错误 误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students. 正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students. 2.词形变化错误 误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.

　　3.词性不清错误 误：Doing a parttime job always effects study. 正：Doing a parttime job always affects study. 4.词汇用法错误 误：He opened the light after he entered the room. 正：He turned on the light after he entered the room. 5.擅自改动习语 误：We lost the game, but we didn't lose our heart. 正：We lost the game, but we didn't lose heart. [即时演练] 改正下列句子中的错误 1.We must try our best to prevent the enviroment from being polluted. enviroment→environment 2.There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with writen English. writen→written 3.During my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the country and played very happy. happy→happily 4.We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English.notice→pay_attention_to 5 . Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.in_the_front_of→in_front_of_ (二)语法类错误 一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构 思也难以正确地表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文的档次。英语写作中语法类错误主 要表现在：时态、语态错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓一致错误、比较级使用错误、多 余的词以及平行错误等。 1.时态、语态错误 误： Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 2.非谓语动词使用错误 误：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 3.主谓一致错误

　　误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 4.比较级使用错误 误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller. 正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller. 5.多余的词 误：On one day, he went to the cinema. 正：One day, he went to the cinema. 6.平行错误 误：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer. 正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer. [即时演练] 改正下列句子中的错误 1.In the morning, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.去掉 had 2.Not only Tom but also I are tired of one examination after another.are→am 3.They think students should have their own time to study and it is more quieter at home._more→much 或去掉 more__ 4 . There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.happened→happening 5.More and more people entered into the hall, so it became crowded.去掉 into (三)汉语式英语 一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当 然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序、句子成 分残缺、句子粘连以及搭配不当等。 1.纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序 误：At this school studying, I really very happy. 正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy. 2.句子成分残缺 误：There are many students don't support the project. 正：There are many students who don't support the project. 3.句子粘连 误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun. 正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun.

　　4.搭配不当 误：We walked a far way before planting trees. 正：We walked a long way before planting trees. 误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. 正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. [即时演练] 改正下列句子中的错误 1.We are impossible to finish the work in such a short time.We_are_impossible→It_ is_impossible_for_us 2.It's known that the cost in big cities is very expensive.expensive→high 3.He has greatly improved his spoken English by this way.by→in 或 way→means 4.I haven't heard from your letter for a long time and I miss you very much. your_letter→you 5.He has three sons, all of them work in Beijing.在逗号后加 and 或 them→whom 二、防范出现错误的 2 个措施 写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证，考场上要避免上述低级错误，可采取以下两个 措施。 (一)确定主语 英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语 you)。动手写句子首先要确定主 语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。例如： ①北京八月多雨。 误：Beijing rains much in August. 正：It rains much in Beijing in August. ②写得很匆忙，我们发现书中满是错误。 误：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes. 正：Written in a hurry, the book was found full of mistakes (by us). (二)确定谓语动词 英语中没有动词就构不成句子，但动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子 时应特别注意以下几个方面： 1.注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。 误：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years. 正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years. 2.注意延续性与非延续性动词的正确运用。 误：He has left his hometown for twenty years. 正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years.

　　3.注意一些不可用于被动语态的动词。 误：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night. 正：Many stars appear in the sky at night. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.以下句子含有考生常犯的错误，请改正 1.Dr. Smith, together with his wife, are to arrive on the evening flight.are→is 2.The car hitted the old man and drived away.hitted→hit;_drived→drove 3.It is high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.do→did 或在 do 前加 should 4.There are many students are planting trees on the hill.去掉第二个 are 或在 students 后加 who 5.Eat at school is very convenient for students. 句子改为：It_is_very_convenient_for_students_to_eat_at_school. 6.It was Sunday, they all went for a picnic in the woods.在逗号后加 so 或 was→being 7.Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because this is the first time visit to the US?去掉 time 8.While having our dinner, the doorbell rang. 在 having_前加 we_are 或 the_doorbell_rang→we_heard_the_doorbell_ringing 9.Recently our village has taken place great changes. 句子改为：Recently_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_village. 10.Fishing is his favorite hobby, and he also likes collecting coins. he_also_likes_collecting_coins→collecting_coins_also_gives_him_pleasure Ⅱ.下面的考生作文中含有 10 处错误，请改正 (2016· 南昌市第三次模拟)生活中，朋友间免不了会有冲突和误会，解决方法之一就是 及时道歉。假如你是李华，Henry 是你最要好的朋友，你们约好昨晚 7 点半在新华书店门 口见面。可是由于妈妈在医院看病，回家晚了，你得在家照顾妹妹。又因忘带手机而没能 及时联系到 Henry 而失约了。请给 Henry 写一封道歉信以化解误会。 内容包括： 1.表示歉意;2.解释失约的原因;3.请求原谅。 注意：1.不得在文中出现作者的真实姓名; 2.语句连贯，词数 100 左右。作文的标题、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， I am really sorry

　　_____________________________________________________________ I won't let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua [求诊病文] A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， ①I am really sorry that I can not meet you at 7：30 last night. ②I do hope you didn't wait too long outside Xinhua Bookstore. ③On yesterday afternoon, I had to look after my younger sister until my mother returned back home. ④She was ill and stayed at the doctor's so that she arrived at home very late. ⑤I ran all the way to the bus stop only finding the last bus had already left. ⑥I had to call a taxi, but it was already half an hour later. ⑦I was going to call up you, but I had forgotten my mobile phone at home. ⑧Finally, I had no choice but to go back home, disappointing and sad. ⑨I sincere hope that you will forgive me and we can be best friends as usual. ⑩I won't let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua [诊断结果] 第①句：can→could 第③句：On_yesterday→Yesterday;_去掉 back 或 returned→came 第④句：去掉 arrived 后面的 at 第⑤句：finding→to_find 第⑥句：later→late 第⑦句：call_up_you→call_you_up;_forgotten→left_behind 第⑧句：disappointing→disappointed 第⑨句：sincere→sincerely 第二步 高级表达增分(用时 9 周) 阅卷时，一篇高考作文往往在 1 分钟内就被判定生死，大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已 使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。在词汇方面：如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与 众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，阅卷老师的给分也绝不会吝啬;在句式方面：如果考生多 运用一些并列句和复合句等高级句式，并注意句式的灵活多变，使文章读起来抑扬顿挫， 让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，阅卷老师一定会毫不犹豫地将你的作文定位于五档线。 第四周 不落俗套的亮点词汇

　　写作最基本的要求是考查考生遣词造句的能力，遣词的原则是表达准确、地道自然、 生动形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本词汇的基础上，能够将一些常用词汇进行升华，就将 成为高考作文获得高分的亮点之一。 一、使用亮点词汇的 4 种方法 1.“语”众不同，避免人云亦云 写作时，恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感 觉。 ①Of the two, I think the latter is the better. →Of the two, the latter wins my favor. (2015· 重庆高考写作) ②I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is so interesting as I have read. →I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. (2015· 安徽高考书面表达) 2.更新换代，避免重复 写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用 词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。 ①We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have different ways to deal with such a situation. →We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.(2015· 浙江高考书面表达) ②We've built a new experiment building beside the old one and we've also built a library where the old playground used to be. →We've built a new experiment building beside the old one and we've also set up a library where the old playground used to be. 3.单词与短语巧妙互用 一般情况下短语优先，应多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单 词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。 ①Quite a few things caused the traffic problem. →Quite a few things gave rise to the traffic problem. (2015· 江苏高考书面表达) ②We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future. →We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.

　　(2015· 福建高考书面表达) ③We can look at this problem in many ways. →We can view this problem in many ways.(view 比 look at 更有“内涵”) ④We all live on one and the same planet. →We all share one and the same planet.(share 比 live on 更有“味感”) 4.用高年级学到的词汇代替低年级学到的词汇 为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，应避免反复使用初中或小学阶段学 过的词汇，尽量用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。 ①So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are sure to achieve success. →So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.(2014· 山东高考书面表达) ②We offer hot water 24 hours every day in our hotel and the swimming pool is free to use any time you want. →Hot water is available 24 hours every day in our hotel and you can have free access to the swimming pool any time you want. 二、使用亮点词汇的 2 点注意 1.注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇 阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极 词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水 平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间;另 外，很多背到的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，我 们要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。 很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮 词妙语而不用。这是一种懒惰的表现。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没 有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个 含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如 “attractive”或 “charming” 等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用 “difficult”，那是不是用 “tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢? 2.注意亮点词汇使用的场合 写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词 语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说， 一篇文章能用好三五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”， 减少错误，特提醒同学们在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则， 并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇，例如：

　　一大早我们买了些圣诞礼物。 Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents. (purchased 太过于书面 化，改为 bought 更地道) 三、高分必备的 24 个亮点词汇

　　普通词汇 名 词 chance idea result have 动 词 develop enough 形 容 词 proper interesting finally 副词 immediately so bear

　　高级词汇 opportunity opinion consequence possess put up with promote adequate appropriate absorbing/ appealing eventually in a flash therefore

　　普通词汇 choice people effect replace understan d consider rich important difficult hardly nowadays and

　　高级词汇 alternative individuals influence substitute make sense of take into ccount abundant vital/ significant challenging barely currently as well as

　　连词

　　①I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. →I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account. (2014· 浙江高考书面表达) 我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。 ②In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult. →In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.(2014· 江西高考书面表 达) 在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性。

　　更多高级写作词汇请参考“附录三：写作常用

　　的 4 组高级写作词汇”

　　[综合演练提能] Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分 1.We all have the same opportunity.possess 2.More and more visitors have been attracted to this place.An_increasing_number_of 3.The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses. challenging 4.We'll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.promote 5.I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.put_up_with 6.Would you please help me to turn down the radio?do_me_a_favor 7.He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.determined/made_up_his_mind 8 . Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of facetoface communication.gives_rise_to 9.When you are bored with the people sometimes, you'd better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.fed_up_with 10.He didn't listen to what I said in the class.turned_a_deaf_ear_to 11.Suddenly I thought of an idea that someone had broken into my house. I_came_up_with_an_idea/an_idea_occurred_to_me 12.As soon as he arrived, he began his research.On/Upon_his_arrival Ⅱ.请用高级词汇提升下面的考生作文 (2016· 厦门一中 5 月热身训练)假如你是中学生李明，家住泉州。你的英国笔友 Jason 来信谈到了他的故乡 London，并希望了解你家乡泉州的情况。请你用英文写一封回信。 回信必须包括以下内容： 1.自然情况：地理位置优越、气候风景宜人等; 2.发展成就：经济发展迅速、城市高楼林立等; 3.存在问题：交通拥堵现象、空气污染问题等; 4.对泉州发展的看法：内容由考生自己拟定。 注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息; 2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯; 3.词数 100 左右;书信格式已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：高层建筑 highrise building Dear Jason， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours， Li Ming [考生作文] Dear Jason， I'm ①very happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London. Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou. Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing ②fast during the past ten years. New bridges and roads have been ③built,_highrise buildings standing in many parts of the city. ④More_and_more schools and hospitals are ⑤useful for the native people. It is developing into a modern and ⑥beautiful city. ⑦But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧serious air pollution, which have a bad ⑨effect on people's daily life. ⑩I_think Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in future. Yours， Li Ming [升格作文] Dear Jason， I'm ①more_than happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London. Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou. Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing ②rapidly during the past ten years. New bridges and roads have been ③set_up,_highrise buildings standing in many parts of the city. ④An_increasing_number_of schools and hospitals are ⑤available for the native people. It is developing into a modern and ⑥attractive/charming city. ⑦However,_there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧severe air pollution, which have a bad ⑨influence/impact on people's daily life. ⑩In_my_opinion/As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in future. Yours， Li Ming 第五周 整齐和谐的并列句

　　并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并 列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。 一、常见并列句的类型及并列连词 类型 连词

　　并列关系 (递进关系) 转折关系 选择关系 因果关系 对比关系 and, both ... and ..., not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor ... but, yet, whereas or, otherwise, or else, either ... or ..., not ... but ... for, so, therefore, thus while

　　①Since then, maths has become one of my favorite subjects, and I have also made rapid progress in maths.(2015· 湖南高考书面表达) 从那时起，数学就成为我特别喜爱的学科之一，而且我在数学上进步也很快。 ②All the classmates are friendly and kind, so you don't need to worry about the difficulty.(2014· 天津高考书面表达) 所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没必要担心有什么困难。 ③As middle school students, we're not familiar with foreign cultures, while Chinese culture isn't fit to appear in an English newspaper.(2014· 上海高考满分作文) 作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在英语报刊中。 [即时演练] 用适当的并列连词填空 1. Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.(2015· 福建高考满分 作文) 2.First, my English is very good and I'm openminded and warmhearted, so I'm getting along well with everyone.(2015· 陕西高考书面表达) 3.It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. 二、并列句的常用句型 1.both ...and ...既??又?? When exposed to stress, in whatever form, all of us react both mentally and physically. 当面临压力时，不管以什么形式，我们所有的人都会从精神和身体上作出反应。 2.either ...or ...或者??或者??;不是??就是?? People can either give them as gifts or hang them in their houses.(2013· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表 达) 人们可以把它们当做礼物送出去，或者挂在自己的房间里。 3.neither ...nor ...既不??也不?? In autumn, it's neither too hot nor too cold.(2014· 天津高考标准范文) 秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。

　　4.not only ...but (also) ...不仅??而且?? Not only should you share your study experience with them, but (also) you must keep your heart open to them. 你不但要和他们分享你的学习经验，而且一定要向他们敞开心扉。 5.not ...but ...不是??，而是?? It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们把多少爱投入进去。 6....while/whereas ??而，??却 Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.(2015· 浙江高考书面表达) 我的大部分同学都想去公园，而我想去一个更好的地方。 7.祈使句/名词词组+and/or/otherwise+陈述句 (1)祈使句+and+陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and 后面的句子相当于一 个表示结果的主句) Work hard and you will succeed.(= If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力学习，你就会成功。 (2) 名词词组+ and +陈述句 ( 名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有 more, another 等词) Another try, and you'll achieve a success. 再试一次，你就会取得成功。 (3)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句 Seize the chance, or you'll regret. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。 (4)名词词组+or/otherwise+陈述句 More healthy food, or you'll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。 8....when ...??这时?? (1)sb. was doing sth. when ...某人正在做某事，这时?? Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. (2013· 浙江高考满分作文) 上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔下来了。 (2)sb. was about to do sth. when ...某人正要做某事，这时?? I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(2014· 福建高考满 分作文)

　　我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 (3)sb. had just done sth. when ...某人刚做完某事，这时?? I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。 [即时演练] 用并列句完成句子 1.好的习惯总会使得效率提高，而不好的习惯效果恰恰相反。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.(2013· 四 川高考书面表达) 2.正像我们所知道的，生气不仅有害健康，而且还严重影响人们之间的关系。 As we know, getting angry not_only does harm to one's health but_(also) effect on the relationship between people. 3.是你所说的话而不是你所做的事使你的同学感到生气。 It is not what you had done but what you had said that annoyed your classmates. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用适当的并列连词填空 1.Stand over there and you'll be able to see the oil painting better. 2.Start out right away, or/otherwise you'll miss the first train. 3.I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing it, but I failed to pass the midterm examination. 4.About 9：00 last night, I was busy preparing for my tomorrow's test when suddenly loud noises came into my room. 5.Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 6.Not_only can students improve their writing ability in this way but_(also) they can strengthen their selfconfidence. Ⅱ.用并列句完成句子 1.首先，作为一名学生，最重要的是学习，因此你们所有人都有必要在学习中建立一 个有效的方式。 Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so_it_is_necessary for all of you to build an effective method in your study.(2014· 江西高考满分作文) 2.我们正打算动身，突然天下起雨来了。 We were_about_to_set_off_when it suddenly began to rain. 3.找方法经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。 Find_ways_to_praise_your_children_often,and you'll find they will open their hearts to you. has a bad

　　4.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 It not_only_gave_us_a_chance_to_get_close_to_nature,_but also gave us relaxation from our study.(2013· 江西高考满分作文) 5.因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的 父母进行推心置腹的谈话。 So, from now on, let's not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a hearttoheart chat with our parents once in a while.(2013· 重庆高考满分作文) Ⅲ.请按以下内容要点写一封电子邮件，尽可能多地使用并列句。 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友 Tom 一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑 假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。现在请根据以下要点给他回一封 100 词 左右的电子邮件： 1.未及时回复的原因; 2.你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。 参考范文： Dear Tom， How is everything going? I feel terribly sorry for I've missed answering your letter in time. You know, I've been preparing for the final exams these days, so I forgot to write back. In your letter, you asked me for my plans on summer vacation. Now, I am writing to tell you some specific details. Overall, three things will make my summer vacation meaningful. To start with, doing a parttime job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman. Not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends. What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will help me make a great contribution to the society, and enrich my life. I sincerely apologize again for my delay in answering your email. By the way, what's your plan to spend your summer vacation? I am looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 第六周 富有文采的状语从句 状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果等九类 从句。 一、常见状语从句的类型及连词

　　状语从句

　　连词 when, whenever, as, while, (ever) since, before, after, till, until, as soon as,

　　时间

　　hardly ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., scarcely ... when ..., each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately

　　地点 条件 原因 让步 比较 方式 目的 结果

　　where, wherever if, unless, providing/provided (that), supposing/suppose (that), given (that), as long as, so long as, on condition (that), in case, only if because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter+疑问词， whether ... or ..., whether ... or not as, than, the same as, not so ... as ..., as ... as ... as if, as though, as that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that), lest so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ..., that

　　①Whenever you want to achieve something in life, there will be problems of this or that kind.(2015· 福建高考满分作文) 每当你想在生活中获取什么时，总会有这样或那样的问题。 ②I'd be grateful if you would send me further details. 如能寄来详细资料，我将不胜感激。 ③Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suitable for this job.(2015· 陕西高考满分作文) 首先，因为我的英语口语很流利，所以我认为我非常适合这项工作。 ④It was such an exciting activity that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.(2015· 北京高 考满分作文) 这是如此激动人心的活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。 [即时演练] 用状语从句完成句子 1.起初，学英语看上去那么难以至于我还没尝试就想放弃。 At the beginning, learning English seemed so_difficult_that I wanted to give up without even trying.(2014· 山东高考满分作文) 2.他们走了 30 英里才看见一个村庄。 They walked about 30 miles before_they_saw_a_village. 3.尽管因特网有很大帮助，但我认为在上面花太多的时间不是好主意。 Although/Though_the_Internet_is_of_great_help,_I don't think it's a good idea to

　　spend too much time on it. 4.只要你坚持下去，就一定会成功。 As_long_as_you_keep_on_trying,_you will surely succeed. 5.如果你想参加，我们将于上午 9 点在学校大门口等你。 If_you_would_like_to_take_part,_we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(2015· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 二、状语从句的常用句型 在英语写作中，状语从句是经常使用的从句之一，因此必须学会并熟练运用这些相关 句型。 1. as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly 一??就?? As soon as I entered the classroom, my teacher asked me why I was so late. 我一进入教室，老师就问我为什么来这么晚。 2.each/every time 每次，每当?? Every time I pass the school, I think of my first English teacher. 每当我经过那所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。 3.the first time 第一次 I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her. 我第一次见到苏珊就觉得她很友好。 4.before 在??之前，还没来得及就?? It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了一段时间我才悟出真相。 5.ever since 自从?? Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies.(2013· 湖北高考短文写作) 自从我的朋友小华两年前进入中学，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加很大的压力。 6.as/so long as 只要 You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.(2015· 全国 卷Ⅰ满分作文) 只要有趣味性和知识性，你可以写任何相关的东西。 7.providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that) ... 如果，假如?? Suppose he doesn't agree to help us, who should we turn to for help? 假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助? 8.on condition that ... 在??条件下;如果?? We'll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. 只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

　　9.now (that)由于;既然 I'm going to relax now (that) the school year is over. 学年结束了，因此我想放松一下。 10.considering that ... 鉴于;考虑到?? They have made remarkable progress, considering that they only started last week. 考虑到他们是上周才开始的，他们已经取得了相当大的进步。 11.not that ... but that ... 不是因为??，而是因为?? I didn't accept the job, not that I am unwilling to do it, but that I am unable to. 我没接受这份工作，不是因为我不愿意做，而是因为我不能做。 12.even if/even though 即使;尽管 Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time. 尽管坐飞机比坐车和乘船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。 13.though/although/while 虽然;尽管 However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.(2014· 天津高考满分作文) 可是，我认为你会很快适应它们的，尽管天气与食物都与你们那里不同。 14.no matter wh-.../whever 无论?? However/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other. (2014· 重庆高考写 作) 无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。 15.whether ... or (not) ... 是??还是??;不管，不论?? I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad. 不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。 16.so that 以便，目的是;因此 We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking.(2015· 四川高考书面表达) 每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小 时，目的是提高口语。 17.in order that 为了?? In order that he can have a chance to receive university education, his parents work hard day and night. 为了使他能有机会接受大学教育，他的父母日夜辛苦地工作。 18.so/such ... that ... 如此??以至于?? The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn't wait to have a try

　　ourselves.(2015· 北京高考满分作文) 他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。 [即时演练] 用状语从句完成句子 1.另外，我会告诉他你长得什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。 Besides, I will tell him what you look like so that you can find each other easily.(2013· 全 国卷Ⅰ满分作文) 2.每当见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。 Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need_of_help,_I will spare no effort to help him. 3.尽管每个人都打得不错，我们还是输了。 We lost the game, although/though_everyone_played_well. 4.一切都发生得这么快，我都来不及去思考。 Everything happened so_quickly_that I hadn't time to think. 5.无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。 Whatever_the_result_is,_we should accept it with a smile, because_we_have_tried_our _best. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用状语从句翻译句子 1.尽管它不贵，但为了给我买礼物，父亲努力挣钱。 Although/Though_it_was_not_expensive,_in_order_to_buy_me_the_gift,_my_dad_mad e_every_effort_to_earn_the_money. 2.只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。 As_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_we'll_be_able_to_get_over_any_difficulty. 3.如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。 If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the_earth_won't_be_fit_for_us_to_live_in. 4.无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。 No_matter_what_I_do,_I_will_try_my_best_to_do_it_well. 5.他努力学习功课，结果考试取得了好成绩。 He_worked_hard_at_his_lessons,_so_that_he_got_high_grades_in_the_exams. Ⅱ.请根据下面的四幅图画，写一篇英语短文，讲述冬冬和姥姥发生在路上的一段故事。 尽可能多地使用状语从句。

　　参考范文： Last Sunday, while Dongdong was walking in the street with his granny, suddenly he saw something shiny on the ground. After he took a close look, he said，“Look, Granny.

　　There is a tenfen coin here.” Granny told Dongdong to pick it up quickly, but instead of obeying his granny, Dongdong kicked the coin away with one of his feet as if he didn't care about the money.When Granny saw what Dongdong did, she went over and picked it up. In order that Granny taught Dongdong a lesson, she pointed to the coin and said to Dongdong, “Honey, as a good citizen, we have the duty to take good care of RMB.” After he heard what his granny had said, Dongdong felt ashamed and lowered his head.

　　第七周 吸引眼球的定语从句 定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以 建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。 一、定语从句的类型 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as 引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其 是 which 和 as 引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 ①As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which makes me feel confident about this position.(2015· 陕西高考满分作文) 作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交往，这使我对这个职位感到自信。 ②As we can see from the materials above, the traffic issue is still a big problem.(2015· 江苏高考满分作文) 正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。 ③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.(2015· 福建高考满分作文) 只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指 when, where, why 引导的定语从句。 ①During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.(2014· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。 ②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.(2014· 安徽高考满分作文) 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。 3.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句 ①Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.(2015· 四川高考书面表达) 听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。 ②Our class also has problems of its own, of which the most obvious one is the students' laziness.(2015· 广东高考满分作文) 我们班自身也有问题，其中最明显的是学生的懒惰。 [即时演练] 用适当的关系词或“介词+关系词”填空 1.I'm glad to learn that you want a student volunteer, which I am quite interested in.(2015· 陕西高考满分作文)

　　2.As you can see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school. 3.Diana will never forget the day when she volunteered to help the disabled in her community. 4.Those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society.(2013· 广东高考满分作文) 5.She was educated at Beijing University, after_which she went to have her advanced study abroad. 二、定语从句的写法 定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三 步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：在一个简单句中找出一个要修饰的词汇，这个词在两个简单句中都要有。 第三步：把另一个简单句改成定语从句，要特别注意关系词的选择。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①The foreigner is from Canada. ②He visited our class yesterday. 第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。 第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner 为先行词指人，句②中的代词 he 指代 the foreigner 且在句子中作主语，故用 who 或 that 作关系词。 The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada. [即时演练] 用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 1.I've always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then. I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent. 2.I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer. 3.This is the best method. It can be used against pollution. This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution. 4.You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there. You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_in ternational_meeting. 5.We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her. We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.

　　三、定语从句的常用句型 1.As we all know .../As is known to all ... 众所周知?? As we all know, besides tasty food, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.(2015· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 众所周知，除了美味的食物，敬老院里的老年人同样需要的是温暖和关心。 2.As sb. puts it ... 按照某人所说的?? As he often puts it, university education determines one's future. 按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。 3.such ... as ... 像??这样的;诸如此类的?? Believe it or not, we have found such materials as are used in that factory. 信不信由你，我们已经找到了像那家厂子里用的材料。 4.the same ... as .../the same as ... 像??一样的 Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been. 她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。 5.one of the+复数名词+定语从句??中的一个 As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam. 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。 6.the only one of the+复数名词+定语从句??中唯一的一个 Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing. 格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。 As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.(2015· 福建高考满分作文) 2.她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。 She is such_a_girl_as is always ready to help others. 3.长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。 The Great Wall is one_of_the_worldfamous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors. 四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1.误用关系词 误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误：I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei. 正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2.句子成分残缺 误：There were many students took part in the English competition.

　　正：There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3.有多余的代词或副词 误：The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正：The film I saw last night was really very good. 误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4.混淆定语从句与并列句 误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health. 正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health. 误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help. 正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help. [即时演练] 单句改错 1.Those have work experience can find a job easily.Those 后加 who 2.This is the factory we visited it last year.去掉 it 3 . She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place where used to be a poor area.where→which/that 4.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, it is named after his grandfather. it→which 或在 it 前加 and [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用定语从句完成句子 1.在我们的日常生活中，我们对某件事情会有自己的不同于他人的观点。 In our daily life, we will have our own point of view about something, which_is_ different_from_others.(2015· 浙江高考满分作文) 2.我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。 As_we_all_know,_our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.(2014· 重庆高考满分作文) 3.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 4.首先，我将有一个温暖的家庭，在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。 First of all, I will have a warm family where_the_members_will_love_each_other_and _care_about_each_other. (2014· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)

　　5.没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。 A sailor who_has_experienced_no_storm will never become an excellent sailor.(2013· 福 建高考满分作文) Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学 Kate 的英语短文，尽可能多地使用定语从 句。 1.我有一个同学叫 Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。 2.Kate 是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她。 3.Kate 在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名，这使得她妈妈很高兴。 4.新年就要到了，到时 Kate 会和她妈妈一起去香港。 5.众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Kate 打算在那里买她需要的东西。 参考范文： I have a classmate called Kate, whose mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, which makes her mother happy. The New Year is coming, when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Kate intends to buy what she needs. 第八周 灵活好用的名词性从句

　　名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主 语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、名词性从句的连接词 1.从属连词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括 that, whether/if。 ①The last important thing you should remember is that you have to send the article to me before June 28th.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) 你应该记住的最后一件重要事情是在 6 月 28 日前把文章发给我。 ②Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这事对我们有害还是有益还要拭目以待。 2.连接代词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定 语，主要包括 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever。 ①Today is what we can hold and make use of.(2015· 重庆高考满分作文) 今天是我们能够抓住并能利用的。 ②I'll do a good job in whatever I do.(2014· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 对于我所做的任何事情，我都会做好。

　　③Whoever is interested in making small inventions can join in it. (2014· 辽宁高考满分 作文) 对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加。 3.连接副词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括 how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever。 ①To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.(2015· 四川高考满分作文) 尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。 ②First of all, I'd like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class.(2014· 全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) 首先，我想知道课程什么时候开始、一个班有多少学生。 [即时演练] 用适当的连接词填空 1.Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English. (2015· 四 川高考满分作文) 2.What we need most are popular science books.(2014· 浙江高考书面表达) 3.I am wondering whether you can help me sell some.(2013· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 4. One day, she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.(2013· 湖南高考满 分作文) 5.If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(2015· 安徽高考书面表达) 二、名词性从句的写法 在写作中，如果我们能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把 一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。 名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：让一个简单句作从句，要注意和另一个句子的关联性。 第三步：把两个句子合成复合句，要特别注意连接词的选择和从句的语序。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①He said a lot at the meeting. ②His words were very attractive. 第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即 what he said at the meeting。 第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。

　　What he said at the meeting was very attractive. [即时演练] 用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 1.When did you enter the room?The police wants to know it. The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room. 2.This is my decision. All of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o'clock_tomorrow_morning. 3.Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather. Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather. 4.Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly. The_news_that_our_women_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged _us_all_greatly. 三、名词性从句的常用句型 1.A is to B what C is to D A 对 B 而言正像 C 对 D 而言 A book is to the mind what food is to the body. 书籍对于心灵而言正如食物对于身体一样。 2. What impresses/surprises/shocks ... sb. most is that ...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊 的是?? In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.(2014· 四川高考满分作文) 另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。 3.It is+important/necessary/strange ... that ...重要的/必要的/奇怪的是?? However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.(2014· 福建 高考满分作文) 然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。 4.I wonder whether/if ... 我想知道是否?? I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity.(2015· 重庆高考满分作文) 我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多的信息。 5.The chances are (that) ... 很可能?? If you go into a school or university everywhere, the chances are (that) you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. 如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到穿着印有李宁那个熟悉标 志运动服的学生们。 6.That/This/It is why/because ... 那/这就是为什么/因为?? I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing

　　to voice my opinion. 我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点的原因。 7.The reason why ... is that ... ??的原因是?? The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low. 他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低了。 8.Sb. holds the belief/view that ... 某人(坚定地)持有某种观点?? Most people hold the belief that education can change one's fate. 多数人坚定地持有这样的观点，教育能改变人的命运。 9.No one can deny the fact that ... 谁也不可否认的事实是?? No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously. 谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。 10.It is/was no surprise/wonder that ... ??不足为怪 She is warmhearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble. 她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。 11.An advantage of ... is that ...??的优点是?? An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create/produce any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.谁也不可否认的事实是，自信可以在黑暗中给你光明。 No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that selfconfidence gives you light when you are in the dark. 2.我想知道学校是否能够放置更多的垃圾箱并制定特殊规则来制止这种行为。 I_wonder_if/whether the school could place more dustbins and set up special rules against such behaviour. 3.他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。 The_reason_why he died young was_that he paid no attention to his health. 4.使我最惊奇的是，这个瘦弱的女孩竟然获得了三枚金牌。 What_surprised_me_most_was_that the thin girl should have won three gold medals. 四、名词性从句写作时的注意事项 1.that 还是 what? What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。(what 引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语)

　　That we need more time is very clear. 我们需要更多的时间是很明显的。(that 引导主语从句且在从句中不作成分) 2.that 还是 whether? That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。 Whether we are invited to the concert this evening is still unknown. 我们是否被邀请参加今晚的音乐会尚不得而知。 3.wh还是 whever? Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished. 无论是谁违反了交通规则都应该受到惩罚。 Who broke the window last night is still unknown. 昨晚谁打坏了窗子仍不得而知。 [即时演练] 选词填空 1.That (that/what) he failed in the exam made his parents puzzled. 2.Whether (that/whether) the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather. 3.I will give this dictionary to whoever (who/whoever) will win the first prize in the English contest. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用名词性从句完成句子 1.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school. 2.使我印象最深的是，他们都经过了专业培训。 What_impressed_me_most was that they all had had professional training. 3.我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交友的建议。 I_wonder_if/whether you can give me some advice on how to make friends. 4.一些人生病的原因是他们不从事体育锻炼。 The_reason_why some people become ill is_that they don't take up exercise. 5.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life. Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关 Andy 的英语短文，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。 1.大家都知道 Andy 是位有名的作家，但没有人知道她来自何处，而且她是否出生于 1961 年仍然是个谜。 2.大家对她的了解是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些急需钱的人。

　　3.Andy 很慷慨而且乐于助人，但有些人认为她想出名。 4.Andy 说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她只是想 做自己认为正确的事。 5.我认为那就是生命意义之所在。 参考范文： Everyone knew that Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew where she came from and whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. What they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn't understand why they were so narrowminded, but it didn't matter what others would think of her. She just wanted to do what she thought was right. I think that is where the meaning of life lies. 第九周 避免头重脚轻的 it 句式

　　it 除了用作人称代词外， 还常用作形式主语或形式宾语， 有时也可以用在一些固定句型 中。灵活地运用 it 句式可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。 一、it 作形式主语的常用句型 在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真 正主语的常为不定式或从句，有时也可用动名词。 1.It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort ... to do sth. It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem. 他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。 2.It is/was+形容词+(of/for sb.) to do sth. I badly need to improve my oral English, so it is great for me to find a native speaker to learn from.(2015· 四川高考满分作文) 我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以向他学习的当地人真是太好了。 3.It is/was+形容词+that ... It is true that a smart phone plays an important role in our daily life.(2014· 重庆高考满 分作文) 确实，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。 4.It is/was+名词+(of/for sb.) to do sth. It is everyone's responsibility to obey the rules to keep the society in order and people's lives safe.(2015· 江苏高考满分作文) 遵守规则让社会发展平稳、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。 5.It is/was+名词+that ... It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century don't attract visitors.

　　很遗憾，这些建于十九世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。 6.It is/was+过去分词+that ... It's known to all that “Where there is a will, there is a way”.(2014· 四川高考满分作文) 众所周知，“有志者事竟成”。 7.It seems/appears/happens+that ... It happened that he was a doctor, so the sick man was saved. 碰巧他是个医生，因此病人得救了。 8.It hits/strikes/occurs to sb. that ... Did it ever occur to you that you would end up in prison if you continued behaving like that? 你就没想到如果继续这样做最终会被关进监狱吗? 9.It benefits sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有益 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught in class.(2014· 江西高考书面表达) 课前预习、课堂上专心听讲并复习课堂上所学的东西真的使我受益匪浅。 10.It matters+that/wh/if/whether 从句 It doesn't matter whether it is expensive or not. 它是否昂贵并不重要。 11.It is/was one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 It is your turn to pick up the kids from school this afternoon. 今天下午轮到你去学校接孩子了。 12.It is/was time for sb. to do sth.某人该做某事了 I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games. 我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。 13.It is/was no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事没有好处/用处 It is no use trying to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution. 试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。 14.It is/was no surprise/wonder that ...??不足为怪/难怪?? The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house. It is no wonder that it's so popular worldwide. 网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全世界那么 受欢迎。 15.It goes without saying that ... 不用说?? Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings me motivation and

　　encouragement.(2014· 山东高考满分作文) 因此，不用说是这句箴言给我带来了动力和鼓励。 [即时演练] 用 it 作形式主语完成句子 1.非常荣幸我能够站在这里谈一些对于友谊的感悟。 It's_my_honour_to_stand here and say something about friendship. 2.显而易见，iPad 对我们的学习有很大帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。 It_is_obvious_that iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening. 3.不用说，现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。 It_goes_without_saying_that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 4.据报道，这次事故源于司机的粗心驾驶。 It_was_reported_that the accident resulted from the driver's careless driving. 5.众所周知，学好英语对我们大家都大有益处。 It_is_universally_acknowledged/It_is_well_known_that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all. 二、it 作形式宾语及其他的常用句型 it 除了可以作形式主语外， 还可作形式宾语， 作形式宾语和在一些常见句型中的应用都 可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。 1.动词+it+形容词/名词+to do/doing/that 从句(常见的动词有：find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume) What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015· 江苏高考书面表达) 更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。 2.I'd appreciate it if ...如果??我将感激不尽 I'd appreciate it if you don't tell anybody about this. 这件事你不说出去的话，我会感激不尽。 3.Sb. would prefer it if ... 如果??某人将会非常喜欢 Mary would prefer it if you attend the party on the summer vacation. 如果暑假你来参加那个聚会，玛丽将会非常喜欢。 4.Sb. likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when ... 某人喜欢/不喜欢?? I dislike it when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don't like. 我不喜欢中国主人不停地给我夹我不喜欢的菜。 5.When it comes to ... 当谈到?? He's a bit of an expert when it comes to computers. 他在计算机方面很在行。

　　6.It is the first/second ... time that ... 这是第一/二??次?? It is the first time that he has won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 这是他第一次获得诺贝尔文学奖。 7.It is/has been+一段时间+since ...自从??多长时间了 It is already three years since he worked in this company, and now he can't still find a job. 自从他离开这家公司以来已有三年了，现在还没有找到一份工作。 8.It+be+一段时间+before ...多久之后就/才?? Don't be upset. It will be half a year before we meet again. 不要伤心了，半年之后我们还会再见面。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。 I think_it_necessary_that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 2.作为中学生，我们应该把对食物浪费说“不”当成一项规定。 As middle school students, we should make_it_a_rule_to_say “No” to food waste. 3.如果你能教我如何用电脑，我将不胜感激。 I'd_appreciate_it_if you could teach me how to use the computer. 4.当谈及选择时，我宁愿去旅游。 When_it_comes_to a choice, I prefer to go traveling. 5.我们从一中毕业已经十年了。 It_is/has_been_ten_years_since we graduated from the No. 1 High School. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用 it 句式完成句子 1.你穿什么并不重要，只要你看上去干净整洁就行。 It_doesn't_matter_what you wear, so long as you look neat and tidy. 2.孩子们有足够的睡眠是很有必要的。 It_is_necessary_that children (should) have enough sleep. 3.如果你能给我这样一个展示才能的机会我将不胜感激。 I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.(2015· 陕西高考满分作文) 4.当谈及我所在的班级时，我必须说我不能忍受一些同学的自私。 When_it_comes_to my class, I have to say that I can't stand some classmates' selfishness.(2015· 广东高考满分作文) 5.不久之后，通往停车场有两个入口，使得现在我们进去更加容易。 Soon after, there are two entrances to the parking places, making_it_easier_ for_us

　　_to_enter it now.(2014· 北京高考满分作文) Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关 Lucy 的英语短文，尽可能多地使用 it 句式。 1.露西没有通过英语口语考试，这是很令人惊奇的，而且她不相信是真的。但是真的 很遗憾，她竟然没有通过考试。 2.为什么?这是因为她的懒惰。 3.这时她意识到了勤奋多练的重要性，此后更加努力学习。 4.现在，她发现练习英语口语是非常有趣的，而且她非常享受说一口流利的英语。 参考范文： It was very surprising that Lucy didn't pass her oral English test, and she couldn't believe it. However, it was really a pity that she failed in the test. Why? It was because of her laziness. Then she realized that it was important for her to work hard and practice more, so she has been working harder since then. Now she finds it interesting to practice speaking English and she enjoys it when she can speak fluent English. 第十周 言简意明的非谓语动词

　　众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显 得松散;而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词 对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简 意明。 一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方 式。转换时可采用“三步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词 进行改写。 第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”. ②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。 第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词 aim 与主语 it 之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短 语作定语。 In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)

　　其他几个转换的例子如下： ①It carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. They are written by foreign friends. →It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) ②I went back home proudly that afternoon. I jumped with joy. →I went back home proudly that afternoon, jumping with joy.(2015· 湖南高考满分作 文) [即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换 1.All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom. →All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (用过去分词作定语) 2.The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry. →The_boy's_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry. (用动名词 作主语) 3.The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier. →The_boys_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier. ( 用不 定式作目的状语) 二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分， 这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。 [示例] 第一步：写出复合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把 since 引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize 与 you 之间为主谓关 系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。 Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(2014· 安徽高考满分作文) 其他几个转换的例子如下： ①If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. →Carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.(2015· 广东高考满分作文) ②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem

　　and tried to work it out in a different way. →Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015· 湖北高考短文写作) [即时演练] 用非谓语动词进行句型转换 1.When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. →Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.(2014· 山东 高考写作) 2.When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. →Seeing_a_car_running_towards_her,_I_reached_my_hand_out_and_pulled_her_bac k.(2013· 安徽高考满分作文) 3. After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. →Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 三、非谓语动词的常用句型 1.remain to be done 有待于被?? Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work. 我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。 2.疑问词+to do What to do to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic. 如何应付上涨的生活成本成了日常谈论的话题。 3.连词 when/while/once/unless/although ...+doing/done When searching for some information, we can operate by touching the screen.(2014· 湖 南高考满分作文) 当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。 4.easy/difficult ...to do ... Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of. 像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。 5.prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... 宁愿做??，而不愿做?? Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face. 如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。 6.having done ... 已经??

　　Having missed the last bus, I had no choice but to walk back home. 因为错过了最后一班公交车，我别无选择只得走回家。 7.by doing ... 通过做?? Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts. 在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得 更坚强。 8.only to do/to be done 结果却(被)?? If he continues like this, he will end up lifting a stone only to have it drop on his own foot, just as the old saying goes. 如果他继续这样的话，正如谚语所说，他最终会搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 9.judging by/from ... 根据??判断 Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us. 从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。 10.compared with/to ... 与??比较 There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training. 有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记 忆力。 11.be said/reported/considered ...to do ... 据说/报道/认为?? A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city. 据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。 12.with+宾语+补足语 In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015· 福建高考满分作文) 在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆书简。 [即时演练] 用非谓语动词完成句子 1.人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。 People can enjoy the moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival. 2.随着太空技术的快速发展，我们一定会在将来某一天奔赴月球。 With_space_technology_developing_so_rapidly,_we are sure to make a visit to the moon some day. 3.有些人宁愿骑自行车也不愿坐公交车，因为骑自行车没有乘坐公交车的麻烦。

　　Some bikes_than

　　people

　　prefer_to_ride_bikes_rather_than_take_

　　buses/would_rather_ride_

　　_take_buses/would_ride_bikes_rather_than_take_buses as riding bikes has none of the troubles of taking buses. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用非谓语动词进行句型转换 1.We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard. →Touched_by_the_teacher's_words,_we_decided_to_work_hard. 2.I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help. →Feeling_quite_sorry_for_that,_I_begin_to_think_about_what_to_do_to_help. 3.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good. →Amazed_at_how_skillful_they_were,_I_determined_to_be_just_as_good. 4.Because I had paid a visit to the place, I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation. →Having_paid_a_visit_to_the_place,_I_will_go_somewhere_else_this_year_to_spend_ my_summer_vacation. 5.As the society develops rapidly, it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer. →With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it's_necessary_for_us_to_have_a_good_know ledge_of_English_and_computer. Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用非谓语动词。 1.在阴历 1 月 1 日庆贺中国的阴历(lunar)年，也被称作春节，受到了全世界所有中国 人的喜爱。 2.像世界上许多其他人一样，中国人喜欢庆贺他们传统的节日和春天的到来。 3.在春节，大部分中国人更愿意待在家里，吃大餐、与家人聊天;其他一些人可能会 去走访朋友或者度长假。 4.另外，人们会在新年到来之际说“新年快乐”以表达良好的祝愿。 5.这也是孩子们的节日，他们会打扮得漂漂亮亮地，然后和父母一块去亲戚家里，还 会得到压岁钱。 参考范文： Observed/Celebrated on January 1 lunar month, Chinese Lunar New Year's Day, also called the Spring Festival, is popular with all the Chinese people all over the world. Like many other people in the world, Chinese enjoy celebrating their traditional festival and the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival, most people prefer to stay at home, having big

　　meals and chatting with family members while others may take a trip to visit their friends or to spend their long holiday. Besides, people will say “Happy New Year” to express good wishes for the coming New Year. It is also a children's festival, when they can dress up and go to their relatives' homes with their parents to get lucky money. 第十一周 彰显水平的强调句型、倒装句型和 There be 句型

　　特殊句式是英语中的高级表达，其中，强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式，它们 的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。另外 there be 句型在写作中也是一 种常见的高级表达。 一、重点突出的强调句型 强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调 句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达 的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他。 It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.(2015· 福建高考书面 表达) 重要的并不是故事本身而是它所反映出来的东西。 在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的档次，写作时可采用“四步 法”： 第一步：写出一个句子。 第二步：找出要强调的句子成分。 第三步：根据句子时态确定用is还是was。 第四步：套用“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他”句式。 [示例]

　　1.It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他. It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay.(2014· 重庆高考满分作文) 珍贵的是我们在礼物上花费的时间和精力，而非我们所花的钱。 2.Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他? Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects? 正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗? 3.特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that+其他? When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的?

　　4.It is/was not until ... that ... It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the villagers realized how serious the pollution is. 直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。 5.强调谓语时，借助于 do/does/did+动词原形 We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(2015· 北京 高考满分作文) 我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。 [即时演练] 用强调句型进行句型转换 1.The teacher's praise contributes to my success.(强调主语) →It_is_the_teacher's_praise_that_contributes_to_my_success.(2015· 湖南高考书面表 达) 2.I realized the importance of English when I entered senior high school.(强调时间状 语) →It_was_when_I_entered_senior_high_school_that_I_realized_the_importance_of_En glish. 二、平衡句子的倒装句型 在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。 在写作中，我们可以通过倒装让句子更高级。 ①We can help to construct an energysaving society only with joint efforts. →Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energysaving society. ②He not only made a promise， but also he kept it. →Not only did he make a promise， but also he kept it. 1.“only+状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015· 湖南高考满分作 文) 只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。 2.none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom 等否定词，以及由 no 构成的否定 短语如 at no time, by no means 等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers. 他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。 3.在 so/such ... that ...结构中，当 so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.(2014· 福建高考书面表 达)

　　我太激动了，迫不及待地想试着骑它。 4.as/though 尽管?? Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy. 虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。 5.were/should/had ... 如果?? Were I two years younger, I would suggest that I invest in today. 如果我年轻两岁，我会建议投资现在。 Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.(2014· 福建高考书 面表达) 回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。 6.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间 或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。 In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.(2015· 上海高 考满分作文) 在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。 For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together. 有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。 [即时演练] 用倒装句型进行句型转换 1.The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way. →Only_in_this_way_can_the_children_grow_up_mentally_and_physically_healthy. 2.We don't know its value until we lose health. →Not_until_we_lose_health_do_we_know_its_value. 3.A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great interest. →Out_rushed_a_group_of_young_men,_still_discussing_the_performance_with_great_ interest. 三、常用不衰的 There be 句型 there be 句型有很多变式，恰当地运用 there be 句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。 1.There be ...(be 可用各种时态) If there is anything else I can do for you, please contact me as soon as possible.(2015· 天 津高考满分作文) 如果还有什么我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。 2.There+情态动词+be ... There are too many cars on the road. I think there should be tight restrictions on car numbers.

　　路上的车太多了，我认为应该对车的数量进行严格的限制。 3.There be sb./sth. doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语) There are many students standing in a queue to welcome the old soldier. 有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵。 4.There be sth. to do/to be done There is still much to discuss/to be discussed. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting. 还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。 5.There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes ... There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work. 公众依旧怀疑这项政策是否会有效。 6.There seems/appears/happens/used to be ... There happened to be a lot of people by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole. 路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。 7.There be no denying that ... 不可否认的是?? There is no denying that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life. 不可否认的是，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。 8.There be no doubt that ... 毫无疑问?? There is no doubt that the situation nowadays is far better.(2015· 福建高考满分作文) 毫无疑问，当今形势好多了。 9.There is no need to do ... 没有必要做?? There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs. 没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。 10.There is no sense/point in doing ... 做……是没有意义的/道理的 There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people. 把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。 [即时演练] 用 There be 句型完成句子 1.从那时起，我们的国家发生了许多巨大的变化。 There_have_been great changes in our country since then. 2.机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。 There_are_many_fans_waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport. 3.毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的英语书面语很有帮助。 There_is_no_doubt_that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English.

　　[综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用强调句型、倒装句型或 There be 句型完成句子 1.是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。 It's_our_parents_who have devoted their unconditional love to us, which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. 2.只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的魅力。 Only_through_practice_can_you_find the beauty of this language.(2015· 四川高考满分 作文) 3.刚好在我们房子的前面有一棵 1 000 年树龄的大树，现在它已经被政府保护起来了。 Just in_front_of_our_house_stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now. 4.不可否认，一定要特别重视水资源短缺问题。 There_is_no_denying_that special attention must be paid to the problem of water shortage. 5.毫无疑问，你的努力会给你带来一个光明的未来。 There_is_no_doubt_that your hard work will bring you a bright future. Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文， 尽可能多地使用强调句型、 倒装句型和 There be 句型。 1.在我的家乡曾经有一条小河，鱼儿在河中快乐地游着。 2.每当我看见这条小河，我禁不住会想到我快乐的童年。 3.现在不仅河中没有了鱼，而且发出难闻的气味。 4.据说是附近的一家化工厂使得河水受到了如此严重的污染。 5.我认为确实到了政府该采取措施制止污染的时候了。 6.只有拥有蓝天、白云、绿水我们才能过上幸福的生活。 参考范文： There used to be a river in my hometown, in which fish were swimming happily. Whenever I saw it, I couldn't help thinking of my happy childhood. But now not only are there no fish left but also it gives a terrible smell. It is said that it was a chemical works nearby that made the river so seriously polluted. I think it's high time that the government took measures to stop it from being polluted. Only when we have blue sky, white clouds and clean water can we live a happy life. 第十二周 用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型

　　被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较等句型在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能 给文章增色添彩。 一、用英文思维的被动语态

　　英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说 出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广 泛使用。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。 1.主动语态变被动语态 ①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials. →To enlarge vocabulary, more native materials should be read. ②They carried out a survey among 260 students. →A survey was carried out among 260 students. 2.写作中常见的被动语态 (1)be+过去分词(be 可使用各种时态) ①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language. (2014· 江苏高考书面表达) 当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。 ②Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.(2014· 湖北 高考短文写作) 幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。 (2)情态动词+be+过去分词 As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now. 正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。 (3)get+过去分词 ①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014· 北京高 考满分作文) 通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。 ②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got injured.(2014· 北京高考满分作文) 我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的一只脚受伤 了。 [即时演练] 句型转换(主动语态变被动语态) 1.Above all, we must do something to stop pollution. →Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution. 2.We encourage all the employees to work on line at home. →All_the_employees_are_encouraged_to_work_on_line_at_home. 3.I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.

　　→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_cha racteristics_or_backgrounds. 二、委婉动听的虚拟语气 虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作 文中，常不需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点 的客观性。 1.陈述语气变虚拟语气 ①I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam. →If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't have failed in the exam. ②It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals. →It's time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals. 2.写作中常见的虚拟语气 (1)if 型虚拟语气，如果??，就?? Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(2014· 安徽 高考满分作文) 第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。 (2)wish 型虚拟语气，希望?? Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.(2014· 全国卷Ⅰ满分作 文) 另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。 (3)as if/though 型虚拟语气，好像?? Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened. 童年的一切一下子涌入我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生似的。 (4)if only 型虚拟语气，要是??就好了;但愿?? If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015· 重庆高考写作) 要是我能够回到过去重订目标该有多好。 (5)It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，是??的时候了 It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.(2013· 福建高考满分作文) 确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出改变的时候了。 (6)(should) do 型虚拟语气，应该?? To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015· 四川高考满分作文) 为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人进行练习。

　　(7)without/but for/but that 含蓄型虚拟语气，没有??，要不是?? Without your help, I couldn't have won the first place in the English Speaking Competition. 要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。 [即时演练] 用虚拟语气完成句子

　　1.建议每个人都应多吃水果和蔬菜。 It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables. 2.没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 Without your help, I wouldn't_have_finished the work ahead of time. 3.看我现在所处的糟糕境地!要是我听了你的建议就好了! Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken your advice! 4.是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。 It's high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard. 三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型 表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确 性，提升文章的档次。 1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+(名词)+as After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year. 引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。 2.the+比较级 ...，the+比较级 ...越??，就越?? The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015· 广东高考满分作文) 老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。 3.比较级+than+any (other)+名词单数 ...比任何其他的都?? Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class. 迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。 4.prefer ... to ...喜欢??胜过?? As for wild release and controlled release, I prefer the latter one to the former one.(2015· 重庆高考满分作文) 对于自由分享和定向分享，我喜欢后者胜过前者。 5.be senior/junior to 比……年长/年龄小;(地位或级别等)比??高/低 Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company. 刘先生长我 3 岁，在公司里级别也比我高。 [即时演练] 用倍数和比较句型完成句子

　　1.我们的城市已经扩展成了一个大城市，是原来的 4 倍大。 Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be. 2.人们赚得越多，似乎想要的也越多，尤其是当其他人赚的比他们多的时候。 The_more people earn, the_more they seem to want, particularly when others earn more than they do. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.按要求完成句子 1.作为一名学生，我认为应该采取一些措施保护我们的环境。 As a student, I think some_measures_should_be_taken to protect our environment.(被 动语态) 2.应该鼓励学生养成良好的习惯以及表现得更得体。 Students should_be_encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves better.(被动语态) 3.我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡，像运动、听音乐等。 I_suggest_you_(should)_keep_the_balance between your study and entertainment, such as sports, listening to music and so on. (虚拟语气) 4.是我们该采取措施与经济领域的犯罪作斗争的时候了。 It's_high_time_that_we_took/should_take_measures economic field.(虚拟语气) 5.如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。 Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_watch_TV_at_home_rather_than_go_out to do exercise.(比较句型) Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和 比较句型。 1.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建起了很多新房，人们的生活水平有了很大提高。 2.一般来说，我们越富裕就会感觉越幸福。 3.如果你处在一个严重污染的环境中，你的心情不会好。 4.要是我们永远有一个干净整洁的环境就好了。 5.我强烈建议采取措施制止污染。 参考范文： Great changes have taken place in my hometown, where a lot of new houses have been built. People's living standard has been raised. Generally speaking, the richer we are, the happier we feel. But if you were in a badlypolluted environment, you wouldn't be in a good mood. If only we always had a very clean and tidy environment! I strongly suggest that measures (should) be taken to stop to fight against crimes in

　　pollution.

　　第三步 浑然天成(用时 2 周)

　　俗话说得好： 好的开头是成功的一半(Well begun is half done); 结尾好， 一切都好(All is well that ends well)。一篇英语作文的开头如果写得好，就会给阅卷老师良好的印象，吸引 他继续读下去;如果结尾又写得好，就会进一步强化阅卷老师对你所写文章的好感。如果 再利用好衔接词汇使文章流畅自然，那么高分作文离我们还会远吗? 第十三周 引人入胜的开头与回味无穷的结尾 引人入胜的开头 开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴 趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法： (一)书信的常用开头法——开门见山法 I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.(2015· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 我想邀请你在下周六和我们一块去附近的敬老院过重阳节。 (二)记叙文的常用开头法 1.故事背景法——交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等 Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.(2015· 北京高考书面表达) 上周二，我们班邀请了一位老艺人来教我们如何做面人。 2.往事追忆法——回忆过去发生的某件事 I still remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。 (三)说明文的常用开头法 1.点明中心法——开门见山点明所要介绍的事物 The pen is seen everywhere. In most cases, it only acts as a tool to write with, which I think is too simple.(2014· 湖南高考满分作文) 钢笔到处可见。在大多数情况下，它仅仅当作书写工具，我认为这太简单了。 2.引用数据法——运用数据引出所要论证的主题 A recent study shows that 50% of the school kids don't have breakfast. 最近的研究表明，有 50%的学生不吃早饭。 (四)议论文的常用开头法 1.点明主题法——提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题 Through my years of school life, I've learned that if we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we should begin with small things.(2014· 湖北高考满分作文) 通过几年的校园生活，我学会了如果我们要在生活中有所改变，从小事开始是非常重

　　要的。 2.引用名言法——摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头 When it comes to how to succeed, many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(2014· 山东高考书面表达) 当谈到如何成功时，很多人或许会想到谚语“有志者事竟成。” 3.列举实例法——通过一个实例或现象引出话题 Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced people's daily life and economic development. 现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济 发展。 (五)图画作文的常用开头法 描述图画法——描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫 As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour. 正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。 [积累识记] ————————————————————————————————————— 常见开头句式 As everybody knows/As is known to all 众所周知 As the proverb says 正如谚语所说 As the saying goes 俗话说 As we can see from the table 正如表中所看到的

　　When it comes to ... 当提到?? It is said that ... 据说?? It is generally agreed that ... 人们通常认为??

　　It is believed/thought that ... 人们认为?? It is reported that ... 据报道?? It is well known that ... 众所周知?? It goes without saying that ... 不言而喻/不用说?? There is no denying (the fact) that ... 不可否认的(事实)是?? There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问?? ————————————————————————————————————— [即时演练] 根据提示翻译句子

　　1.我想请你给我们学校的英语报纸写一篇文章。 I'd_like_to_ask_you_to_write_an_article_for_our_school's_English_newspaper.( 开 门 见山法) 2.上周日，我和同学们去了香山公园。 Last_Sunday,_my_classmates_and_I_went_to_the_Xiangshan_Park. (故事背景法) 3.俗话说，“没有努力就没有收获。” As_the_saying_goes,_“No_pains,_no_gains.”(引用名言法) 4.人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识、拓宽我们的视野。 It_is_universally_acknowledged_that_reading_increases_our_knowledge_and_broaden s_our_mind.(点明主题法) 5.每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪，就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever_I_think_of_the_clean_stream_near_my_home,_I_cannot_help_feeling_sad.( 往事追忆法) 回味无穷的结尾 结尾有概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，升华主题的作用。主要有 以下几种写法： (一)书信的常用结尾法 1.表示期待法 I'm looking forward to hearing from you.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 我期待着收到你的信。 Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.(2015· 北京高考书面表达) 希望今年夏天在训练营见到你。 I'm waiting for your early reply. 我期待你的早日答复。 2.表示感谢法 I would be grateful if you could consider my application. 如果你能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。 I must thank you again for your generous help. 我必须对你慷慨的帮助再次表示感谢。 I'll appreciate you taking my suggestion into account. 我非常感激你能考虑我的建议。 Please accept my gratitude, now and always. 请接受我的感谢，现在到永远。 (二)记叙文的常用结尾法 1.点题升华法——结尾总结全文，进一步升华主题

　　From this experience, I learned that being careful is very important and that we can't be too careful, especially in examinations. 从这次经历中，我了解到细心非常重要，尤其在考试时，我们再怎样细心都不为过。 2.问题设问法——通过问答的形式总结全文 Will you join us in the next century? How romantic and fantastic it will be! 你愿意在下个世纪加入我们吗?那将是多么浪漫和奇妙啊! (三)说明文的常用结尾法 总结全文法——总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征 In a word, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and comfort. 总之，过去 20 年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。 (四)议论文的常用结尾法 1.得出结论法——结尾总结全文，得出结论 Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.(2015· 浙江高考书面 表达) 好的观点值得坚持，因为它们会对我们大家都有好处。 Therefore, respecting children and letting them develop their own characters are the key to their real success. 因此，尊重孩子，让他们形成自己的个性是他们获得真正成功的关键。 2.深化中心法——结尾进一步深化主题 In a word, we must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If not, the last drop of water will be a teardrop. 总之，我们必须保护水资源，也要寻找再利用水的方法。如果不这样做，最后一滴水 将是人类的泪水。 3.提出建议法——结尾提出建议及应对措施 So we have to cherish friendship. Let's take good care of our friends to enjoy life to the fullest.(2014· 重庆高考写作) 因此我们必须珍视友谊，让我们善待朋友，最大程度地享受生活。 It is high time that the government took proper steps to solve traffic problems. 该是政府采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 4.引用名言法——结尾用名言总结全文 Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”， you will enjoy more your stay here. 不管怎样，有不同的文化，就有不同的习俗，如果你能“入乡随俗”，就会更好地享 受这里的生活。

　　5.照应开头法——结尾对开头进行照应 Everyone enjoys beautiful things. And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusual experiences in our life. 每个人都喜欢美好的事物，看日出也许是我们人生中最不平凡的经历之一。 Different ways of traveling can make people happy, but I like traveling by train most. 不同的旅行方式能让人们愉快，但我还是最喜欢乘火车旅行。 [积累识记] ————————————————————————————————————— 常见结尾句式 I'd appreciate it if ... It is high time that ... In this way, I believe that ... Only with combined efforts can we ... 唯有通力合作我们才能?? We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that ... 因此，我们可以得出如下结论?? Therefore, we have the reason to believe that ... 因此，我们有理由相信?? Therefore, we should realize that ... 因此，我们应当意识到?? If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that ...如果我们能做到如上所 述，毫无疑问?? We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion that ...因此， 从上面的讨论中 我们可以明白?? ————————————————————————————————————— [即时演练] 根据提示翻译句子 1.我希望你会在中学过丰富多彩的生活。 I_hope_you_will_live_a_rich_and_colorful_life_in_high_school.(表示期待法) 2.如果你能到机场接我我将不胜感激。 I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_can_meet_me_at_the_airport.(表示感谢法) 3.找一个伙伴和我们一起去如何?如果这样，我们可以互相帮助并且在旅途中保持愉 快。 How_about_finding_a_companion_to_be_with_us?_If_so,_we_can_help_each_other_an d_be_happy_during_the_trip.(问题设问法) 4.因此我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。 We,_therefore,_come_to_the_conclusion_that_nothing_is_so_precious_as_freedom_in_t 果??我将不胜感激 实到了??的时候了 此，我相信??

　　he_world.(得出结论法) 5. 总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。 In_a_word,_success_is_important,_and_so_is_failure,_because_it's_the_mother_of_suc cess.(引用名言法) 第十四周 字顺意畅的衔接

　　衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间，段与 段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。 高中阶段应该掌握的连 接(过渡)性词语归纳如下： 一、表示起始关系的过渡性词语 above all， to begin/start with， today， now， nowadays， at present， currently， recently， generally speaking， according to， with the development of ...等。 ①Now, I'd like to share my experience with you.(2015· 湖南高考满分作文) 现在，我想与你们分享一下我的经验。 ②To start with, I have been learning and speaking Mandarin for about 17 years.(2015· 四川高考满分作文) 首先，我学说普通话已经 17 年了。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.随着因特网的发展，计算机在人们的生活中起着重要作用。 With_the_development_of the Internet, computers play an important role in people's life. 2.总的来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。 Generally_speaking,_the more you practise, the more skillfully you can write in English. 二、表示时间顺序的过渡性词语 firstly， first of all， to begin/start with， then， later， in the end， finally， at last， after that， afterwards， since then， immediately， suddenly， meanwhile 等。 ①First of all, you can talk about American customs and festivals because Chinese students are interested in them.(2015· 全国卷Ⅰ高考满分作文) 首先，你可以谈论美国的习俗和节日，因为中国的学生对此感兴趣。 ②Firstly, I have always been interested in reading books. Secondly, I'd like to share my books with others as well.(2015· 重庆高考满分作文) 首先，我一直对读书感兴趣;其次，我也喜欢与别人分享我的书籍。 [即时演练] 完成短文 首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，然后我扫

　　去所有家具上的灰尘，之后我扫地、拖地。 Firstly,_I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After_that,_I swept and mopped the floors.(2013· 陕西高考书面表达) 三、表示并列关系的过渡性词语 and， or， also， as well as， neither ... nor ...， not only ... but also ...， either ... or ...， not ... but ...等。 ①By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others, but also learn to express myself clearly.(2015· 浙江高考书面表达) 通过这样做，我不仅能与其他人分享好的观点，而且学会了清晰地表达自己。 ②She finally earned respect of them, who eventually became confident as well as wellbehaved.(2015· 广东高考满分作文) 她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.观光最好要么乘坐游览巴士，要么骑自行车。 Sightseeing is best done either_by_tour_buses_or_by_bicycles. 2.如果你需要更多的信息，也一定要告诉我。 Also,_do let me know if you need more information.(2013· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 四、表示转折关系的过渡性词语 but， yet， however， while， otherwise， on the contrary， though， although， even if/though， despite， in spite of， regardless of 等。 ①But now because my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.(2014· 北 京高考书面表达) 但现在因为我的左脚受伤了，我不能按计划和你一块去了。 ②Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.(2014· 重庆高考写 作) 否则的话，我们迟早会为我们的自私付出代价。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.然而，使你最惊讶的是下述新的功能。 However,_what amazes you most is the following new function.(2014· 湖南高考书面表 达) 2.相反，智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康造成极大的危害。 On_the_contrary,_smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.(2014· 重庆高考写作)

　　五、表示因果关系的过渡性词语 because， as， since， for， thanks to， due to， as a result of， so， therefore， as a result/consequence 等。 ①Thanks to the assistance of the local media, he has found 32 time twins across 13 countries, with 17 males and 15 females. (2014· 广东高考满分作文) 多亏当地媒体的协助，他在 13 个国家找到了 32 对同年同月同日出生的人，其中 17 对 男性 15 对女性。 ②As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.(2013· 福建高考书面表达) 结果，孩子们变得太依赖于父母，以至于他们没有独立的思想和创造性的想法。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。 Therefore,_there is no reason for us to look down upon ordinary jobs.(2013· 广东高考读 写任务) 2.多亏医生的及时治疗，他获救了。 Thanks_to the doctor's timely treatment, he was saved. 六、表示递进关系的过渡性词语 what's more， furthermore， moreover， besides， in addition， what's worse， still less， to make matters worse， worse still， on the one hand ... on the other hand ...， for one thing ... for another ?thing? ...等。 ①What's more, I'm outgoing and warmhearted.(2015· 陕西高考满分作文) 另外，我性格外向且待人热心。 ②On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.(2013· 山 东高考满分作文) 一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验， 这会对我将来的生活有益。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.另外，我们班还组织了各种各样的活动来丰富我们的业余时间。 Besides/What's_more/In_addition/Moreover/Furthermore,_our class also organize a variety of activities to enrich our spare time. 2.更糟的是，如果我们在电话上花费过多的时间，我们会失去将来需要的交际技能。 Worse_still/To_make_matters_worse,_if we spend too much time on phones, we will lose the communication skills we need in the future. (2014· 重庆高考满分作文)

　　七、表示列举事实的过渡性词语 such as， for example/instance， take ... for example， that is to say， as follows， in other words 等。 ①In my free time, I'll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games.(2014· 全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) 在我的业余时间，我将继续做常规训练，诸如游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类活动。 ②For example, once most of my classmates made a suggestion that we go outing at the weekend, but I thought helping the old at the nursing home would be more meaningful. (2015· 浙江高考满分作文) 例如，曾经有一次我的大部分同学都建议周末去郊游，但是我认为去敬老院帮助老年 人会更有意义。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.我们有很多学科，例如汉语、数学、英语、音乐、艺术等。 We have many subjects, such_as Chinese, math, English, music, art and so on.(2014· 天 津高考满分作文) 2.这天的计划如下：首先，在那天吃饺子是一项风俗，因此我们会亲手为他们做美味 的饺子而不是去买。 The plan for the day is as_follows:_Firstly, it's a custom to have dumplings on that day, so we'll make delicious dumplings with our own hands rather than buy some for them.(2015· 全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) 八、表示观点的过渡性词语 in my opinion， in my view， from my point of view， as far as I am concerned， as for me， personally 等。 ①Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.(2014· 江西高 考书面表达) 就个人而言，我过去经常尝试有效的方法以便达到我的学业目标。 ②As far as I am concerned, only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually. (2014· 四川高考满分作文) 在我看来，你只有在平时努力学习才能最终成功。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.按照我的观点，我们能够互相共享信息，以便更好地相互理解。 In_my_opinion,_we can share information with each other to make a better understanding.(2014· 天津高考满分作文) 2.对我来说，我曾经收到的最珍贵的礼物是一本相册。

　　As_for_me,_the most valuable gift I've ever received is a photo album.(2014· 重庆高考 满分作文) 九、表示总结的过渡性词语 in short，in brief，in conclusion，in a/one word，to sum up，all in all，on the whole， in general 等。 ①In a word, if we had such a magic watch, our life would become more convenient.(2014· 湖南高考满分作文) 总之，如果我们能有这么一块有魔力的手表，我们的生活将会更加方便。 ②All in all, traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges. 总的来说，旅游是充实自己、准备迎接新的挑战的最好的选择。 [即时演练] 完成句子 1.总之，一个好市民应该遵守交通规则。 In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief/To_sum_up,_a observe traffic regulations. 2.总的来说，我发现自行车比摩托车更令人喜欢。 On_the_whole/In_general,_I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle. [综合演练提能] Ⅰ.用过渡词汇完成句子 1. First_of_all/To_begin_with (首先), the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step. 2.Besides/In_addition/What's_more/Moreover (况且), listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start. 3.I lost my way in the forest and to_make_matters_worse/worse_still (更糟的是), it became dark. 4.Therefore_(因此), I suggest we be given more time for sports and sleep. 5 . In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief ( 总 之 ), we should take effective measures to protect our environment. Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，选择适当的过渡性词语填空 above all， besides， meanwhile， for one thing， for another thing， personally， in a word， recently ①Recently,_it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness. There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all. ②For_one_thing,_security comes first. good citizen should

　　Without security, we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents' expectations. ③For_another_thing,_protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of the students, which is associated with the happiness of every family. ④Meanwhile,_it also helps to build a more harmonious society. ⑤Personally,_in order to protect us students, ⑥above_all,_we should strengthen our security awareness. ⑦Besides,_when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. The government also plays a leading role in protecting students. ⑧In_a_word,_only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.

　　第四步 形体规范立纲(用时 4 周)

　　英语作文主要有提纲、(半)开放、图表和图画四种类型。从近几年高考来看，主要以提 纲作文为主。这四种作文类型各有特点，为让考生掌握不同文体的写作技巧和结构范式， 本部分采用临摹满分作文的编排模式，让考生在动手动脑中感悟满分作文的组织架构和写 作技巧，把作文写得规范合体、像模像样。 第十五周 [学审题谋篇] (2016· 潍坊市高考模拟)假定你是李华， 正在新西兰学习。 你计划寒假期间去当地旅行， 请用英文写一封 email 向旅行社询问相关的旅行信息。要点如下： 1.旅行信息(如景点等);2.当地特色(如食品等);3.注意事项。 注意：1.词数 100 左右; 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数; 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir or Madam， I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student, studying in New Zealand. I'm writing to 提纲作文

　　Sincerely Yours， Li Hua 1.审题 提纲作文的关键就是审好题，审题时应做到三定：①定体裁;②定人称;③定时态。 如本文为书信，是高考经常考查的类型，属于应用文;人称以第一人称为主;时态主 要用一般现在时。 2.谋篇

　　提纲作文虽然有简要的提纲，但只是对文章的提示和概括，我们在谋篇时要仔细研读 题目信息，对提纲进行归纳整合，并适度拓展。 如本文首先要作自我介绍，并说明写信的目的;然后向旅行社详细询问相关的旅行信 息;最后希望对方能早日答复。 [学增分亮点] [满分范文] Dear Sir or Madam， ①I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student, studying in New Zealand. ②I'm writing to ask for information about your agency's New Zealand's travel for the coming winter vacation. ③My friend and I plan to travel in the country. ④Could you tell me the departure time and traveling routes? ⑤As we know, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and places of interest and I want to know more details about these. ⑥Besides, I am interested in the local food there. ⑦How much do I have to pay for the travel? ⑧At length, are there other things I should be aware of? ⑨I would be grateful to receive a reply at your earliest convenience. Sincerely Yours， Li Hua [满分缘由] 1.结构布局 本文可分为三段： 第一段：首先作自我介绍，并说明写信的目的是询问在新西兰旅行的信息; 第二段：向旅行社详细询问相关的旅行信息，如旅游景点和当地特色食品等; 第三段：希望对方早日回信。 2.亮点词汇 ask for, be famous for, places of interest, be interested in, at length, grateful, at one's earliest convenience 3.亮点句式 第①句包含现在分词短语作定语; 第⑤句包含 as 引导的定语从句; 第⑧句包含定语从句，且引导词 that 省略。 [句式改写] 1.用 it 作形式主语改写句⑤ It_is_known_to_us_all_that_New_Zealand_is_famous_for_its_beautiful_scenery_and_p laces_of_interest_and_I_want_to_know_more_details_about_these.

　　2.用 I'd appreciate it if ...改写句⑨ I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_can_give_me_a_reply_at_your_earliest_convenience.

　　[写满分作文] (2016· 洛阳高三一模)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Jack 来信说，他暑假后将到北京大 学留学。请你根据以下内容给他写一封回信，告知相关情况。 1.简单介绍北京大学; 2.生活便利，居民友善; 3.留学期间愿意提供任何帮助。 注意：词数 100 左右;开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 [要求] 请用定语从句、分词短语、被动语态、不定式、状语从句、it 作形式主语、省略完成作 文。 Dear Jack， I glad to know that you will come to China for further study. Now let me tell you what you are concerned with.

　　I'm looking forward to meeting you in Beijing. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Jack, I'm glad to know that you will come to China for further study. Now let me tell you what you are concerned with. As is known to us, Beijing University is one of the top universities in China, which is famous for its excellent teaching in art and culture. Studying there, you are sure to get improved in every aspect. This is the first time for you to live in a foreign country alone, but yon don't need to worry about the life there, because it is located in the business center of Beijing. Therefore, it is extremely convenient for you to live there. Besides, most people in Beijing are both kind and hospitable to foreigners. I'd like to help you find a proper host family nearby the university if necessary. I'm looking forward to meeting you in Beijing. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

　　第十六周 [学审题谋篇]

　　(半)开放作文

　　(2016· 海口高三第一次适应性测试)为了营造一种“多读书，读好书”的良好氛围，我 班将举行一次主题班会，要求以“A good book can affect our life”为主题作演讲，向同学们 介绍一本自己读过的好书，并谈谈自己的感悟。 注意：1.词数 100 左右; 2.演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Boys and girls，

　　That's all. Thank you! 1.审题 (半)开放作文的审题最为关键，审好题相当于成功了一半。审题时应做到三定：①定体 裁;②定人称;③定时态。 如本文为演讲稿，属于应用文;以第一和第三人称为主;时态主要是一般现在时。 2.谋篇 (半)开放作文的关键是定主题，然后根据主题列出要点和提纲。对于命题式(半)开放作 文，首先准确理解题目意思，抓住题目中的关键词，然后结合实际生活组织材料。对于图 画式(半)开放作文，要首先准确描述图画的内容，其次对其寓意深层解读，最后结合实际生 活进行联想，发表看法。 如本文为命题式(半)开放作文，首先要介绍自己读过的一本好书，然后说明这本书好在 哪里，自己从中得到了何种体会，对自己有何影响，最后呼吁大家“多读书，读好书”。 [学增分亮点]

　　[满分范文] Boys and girls， ①As Francis Bacon once said, reading makes a full man. ②A good book can affect our life in one way or another. ③My Life Story by Helen Keller is one such book as touched my

　　heart. ④ It is about how Helen overcame her physical disabilities and succeeded by struggling in her long and hard learning period. ⑤ From the book, I learned that whenever we come across difficulties or even misfortune, we should never give in or run away. ⑥Instead, we are supposed to face them bravely and try to find ways out. ⑦Reading can not only improve our ability to understand the world, but also wash our souls. ⑧To live an enjoyable and meaningful life, let's read more good books! That's all. Thank you! [满分缘由] 1.结构布局 本文可分为三段： 第一段：介绍自己读过的一本好书，并简述书的内容; 第二段：介绍自己读书的体会; 第三段：介绍读书的好处并号召大家一起多读好书。 2.亮点词汇 touch one's heart, overcome, come across, give in, be supposed to, wash one's soul, meaningful 3.亮点句式 第①句包含 as 引导的非限制性定语从句; 第③句包含 as 引导的限制性定语从句; 第⑤句包含 that 引导的宾语从句，其中还包括 whenever 引导的时间状语从句; 第⑦句包含 not only ... but also 句式。 [句式改写] 1.用 it 作形式主语改写句① It_is_once_said_by_Francis_Bacon_that_reading_makes_a_full_man. 2.用倒装句改写句⑦ Not_only_can_reading_improve_our_ability_to_understand_the_world,_but_also_wash _our_souls. 3.用状语从句改写句⑧ Let's_read_more_good_books_so_that_we_can_live_an_enjoyable_and_meaningful_ life. [写满分作文] (2016· 河南省高考适应性测试)日前，你校英语俱乐部以“If you could do one thing to change China for the better, what would you do?”为话题向全校学生征文。请你写一篇英 语短文参加此次征文活动。

　　注意：1.词数 100 左右; 2.文中不得出现自己真实的信息。 [要求] 请用虚拟语气、定语从句、it's time that ...、状语从句、倒装、强调句型、宾语从句完 成作文。

　　参考范文： If I could do one thing to change China for the better, I would make every effort to protect our environment. To begin with, I would rather do everything (that) I can to shut down the polluting factories in no time, which can prevent the situation going from bad to worse. Moreover, it's time that people's environmental awareness should be raised. In the long run, however, only if we develop our country in an efficient and scientific way can we improve our environment thoroughly. In reality, it is our joint efforts that we can depend on to change our motherland for the better. I sincerely hope that we can devote as much as possible to making a more beautiful and harmonious China! 第十七周 [学审题谋篇] (2016· 江西赣中南五校重点中学第二次联考)最近， 我国教育专家对我国中学生所喜爱 的节日进行了一项调查， 北京和广州的 1 000 多名中学生接受了调查。调查结果如下： 图表作文

　　请你根据以上内容用英文写一篇 100 词左右的调查报告，反映调查结果，并分析我国 中学生的节日观。 1.审题 图表作文以图表形式给出与题目相关的数据和各种信息，审题时应做到三定：①定体 裁;②定人称;③定时态。

　　如本文为调查报告，属于说明文;以第三人称为主;时态主要用一般现在时。 2.谋篇 图表作文首先要提取关键信息，往往是从最多的写起，进行比较，然后就图表比较的 内容进行评论，最后进行总结或提出自己的观点。 如本文首先从大部分中学生喜爱春节开始写，然后进行对比，最后进行总结。 [学增分亮点] [满分范文] ①Recently some Chinese educational experts did a survey among more than 1,000 students from Beijing and Guangzhou on their favorite festivals. ②The result shows that about half of the respondents choose the Spring Festival as their most favorite. ③Next come Christmas Day and Mothers' or Fathers' Day, with 20% and 10% respectively. ④However, MidAutumn Day accounts for less than 10%. ⑤From the survey, we can see although over 70% of the students are familiar with our traditional festivals, like the Spring Festival, more and more young people favor some foreign festivals. [满分缘由] 1.结构布局 本文分为三个部分： (1)首先介绍在中学生之间做了一项调查; (2)然后从大部分中学生喜爱的春节开始进行对比; (3)最后对调查结果加以总结。 2.亮点词汇 respectively, account for, be familiar with, favor 3.亮点句式 第②句包含 that 引导的宾语从句; 第③句为完全倒装句; 第⑤句包含 although 引导的状语从句。 [句式改写] 1.用被动语态改写句① Recently_a_survey_was_done_among_more_than_1,000_students_from_Beijing_and_ Guangzhou_on_their_favorite_festivals. 2.用 conclusion 加同位语从句改写句⑤ From_the_survey,_we_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_although_over_70%_of_the_ students_are_familiar_with_our_traditional_festivals,_like_the_Spring_Festival,_more_and _more_young_people_favor_some_foreign_festivals.

　　[写满分作文] (2016· 郑州高三模拟)现在，学生的零用钱 越来越多，但是乱花钱现象很严重。右边是你 应某晚报教育在线栏目之约针对学生的零用钱 (pocket money)的消费方向，对你市某中学的高 中和初中的部分学生进行问卷调查所得出的调 查表。 请你用英文写一篇调查报告，反映调查结果，并呼吁中学生应树立正确的消费观。 注意：1.开头已给出，不计入总词数;2.词数 100 左右。 [要求] 请用宾语从句、while 连接的并列句、状语从句、非限制性定语从句及强调句型完成作 文。 Dear Editor， Recently a survey has been carried out to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money.

　　参考范文： Dear Editor， Recently a survey has been carried out to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money. In this survey, both junior students and senior students spend most their money on books, snacks and playing games, still some money goes to clothes, banks, sports and so on. The survey shows that about 44% of seniors prefer books to snacks (37%) and playing games (31%). On the other hand, only 32% of juniors spend their pocket money buying books, while a half buy snacks and 44% spend it in playing games. Both seniors and juniors would not waste too much money on clothes or put it in banks. I think a lot of snacks will make us put on weight and do harm to our health. In addition, if we play games without limit, we'll lose much precious time, which results in low grades. Furthermore, the money is hardearned. It is our money as well as our time that we students should value.

　　第十八周 [学审题谋篇]

　　图画作文

　　(2016· 辽宁省葫芦岛市一模)如今随着智能手机和电子设备的 普及，“低头族”现象兴起。人们沉溺于手机等电子设备，因而 忽略了自己和他人的沟通交流，甚至在家庭聚会上也只顾玩手机 不和长辈聊天，使老人感到失落万分。请根据图画写一篇英语短 文。 内容要点如下： 1.描述图画内容; 2.对图中现象加以分析; 3.针对这个现象提出建议。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右; 2.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。 1.审题 图画作文要审清题意，看懂图画所表达的意思，紧扣主题。审题时应做到三定：①定 体裁;②定人称;③定时态。 如本文为夹叙夹议文;在叙述时和就图画议论时主要用第三人称，表述自己观点时用 第一人称;时态主要用一般现在时。 2.谋篇 图画类作文以图画形式给出信息，所以需要抓住图画所传递的信息，将图画信息转化 为文字要点。 如本文可以从三个方面进行描述：首先叙述图画内容;然后介绍图画所反映的社会现 象;最后陈述应该怎样去做。 [学增分亮点] [满分范文] ①As can be seen from the picture, a big family gets together to have a big dinner. ② But when they sit down to table, the young just bury themselves in playing with their cellphones, totally ignoring their parents, who feel very lonely and sad. ③There is no doubt that cellphones have a negative effect on our lives. ④Heavy use of cellphones actually widens the distance between teenagers and their elders, leaving the elders more lonely. ⑤Worse still, addiction to cellphones might also lead to teenagers' poor performance at school, which adds to the elders' worries. ⑥As far as I'm concerned, it's necessary to limit the time we spend using cellphones. ⑦ And I think it important to

　　communicate with our family members face to face, which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere. [满分缘由] 1.结构布局 本文可分为两段： 第一段：介绍图画内容，全家人正在聚餐，但年轻人却在玩手机，完全不顾父母的感 受; 第二段：陈述“低头族”这种社会现象，并就此现象提出了自己的看法。 2.亮点词汇 bury oneself in, have an effect on, widen, add to, as far as ...concerned, face to face, harmonious 3.亮点句式 第①句包含 as 引导的非限制性定语从句; 第②句包含 when 引导的时间状语从句、现在分词作状语和 who 引导的非限制性定语 从句; 第⑤句包含 which 引导的非限制性定语从句; 第⑦句包含 it 作形式宾语和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。 [句式改写] 1.用名词性从句改写句① What_can_be_seen_from_the_picture_is_that_a_big_family_gets_together_to_have_a_ big_dinner. 2.用动名词作主语和现在分词作结果状语改写⑤ Worse_still,_being_addicted_to_cellphones_might_also_lead_to_teenagers'_poor_perfo rmance_at_school,_thus_adding_to_the_elders'_worries. 3.用被动语态改写句⑥ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it's_necessary_that_the_time_we_spend_using_cellphones _should_be_limited. [写满分作文] (2016· 龙岩市质检)如何衡量一个人真正的品质，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读 下面的引语，结合图片所提示的信息，按要求用英语写一篇短文。 “The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.” —Thomas Macaulay

　　内容要求： 1.你对该引语的理解;2.举例说明;3.恰当的结尾。 注意： 1.内容至少包括一幅图片的信息; 2.文中不得出现考生的具体信息; 3.词数 100 左右;短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：selfdiscipline n.自律 [要求] 请用强调句型、状语从句、宾语从句、省略、it 作形式主语、倒装、动名词作主语、 not only ...but (also) ...、定语从句完成作文。 This quotation from Thomas Macaulay tells us that selfdisciplined adj.自律的

　　参考范文： This quotation from Thomas Macaulay tells us that it is selfdiscipline that reflects a man's real character. Therefore, we should be selfdisciplined anytime even if we know that our behavior will never be found out. For example, when taking exams, we should be selfdisciplined enough and not cheat. For another, it is essential for us to learn to control ourselves well on the Internet. We can't be addicted to computer games or bad information, nor can we use the Internet to attack others immorally and illegally. In addition, through selfdiscipline we should avoid and resist different kinds of temptations, which is of great help to prevent corruptions. In conclusion, being selfdisciplined not only helps us improve ourselves, but (also) contributes to building up a harmonious and civilized society. As the saying goes, the day has eyes and the night has ears. We should make a reasonable choice about what to do wherever and whenever we are.

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