[过去完成时ppt]现在完成时ppt

来源:教学设计 时间:2018-05-23 09:37:10 阅读:

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现在完成时ppt一:现在完成时课件免费

  现在完成时课件免费
  教学过程
  一、复习预习
  1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 动作发生在过去。
  2.现在完成时的动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响。
  3.现在完成时结构中have/has的作用:通过do/dose/be等联想法推导出have/has的语法能。
  二、知识讲解
  本节课主要知识点解析,中高考考点、易错点分析
  考点/易错点1
  基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
  否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
  一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
  简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven"t/hasn"t.(否定) 用法
  (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
  I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
  Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义是:郭子君现在在这儿)
  My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
  (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段)或since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
  ①for+时段
  ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从以来)
  ③since+时段+ago
  ④since+从句(过去时)
  ⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
  考点/易错点2
  现在完成时和一般过去式的区别:
  一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢? ①一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, last year, just now等连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。
  ②现在完成时与自已的特征词already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
  例: He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)
  He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时,表示他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)
  ③现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般现在时对动词是否延续无任何要求。
  时间状语的区别:
  除了我们讲过的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短语和 for短语外,还有许多时间状语常用于现在完成时,我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来:
  1. lately, recently是完成时的时间状语;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是过去时的时间状语。如:
  Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
  2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”,常用于完成时中;in the past意思是“在过去”,常用于过去时中。 如:
  Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
  Where did you work in the past?
  3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成时,而后两者常用于过去时。如:
  She"s lived here ever since then. I didn"t hear of Jim from then on/after that.
  4. before 通常用于完成时;...ago通常用于过去时。如:
  I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
  5. so far“到目前为止”, these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
  What have you done these days?
  考点/易错点3:
  现在完成时动词持续性用法
  持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
  for + 段时间 / since +点时间
  例:
  1)I"ve lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
  = I"ve lived here since 21 years ago.
  = I"ve lived here for 21 years.
  = It is 21 years since I began to live here.
  注意:①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
  1) 他入团两年了。
  误:He has joined the League for two years.
  正:He has been a League member for two years.
  区别:have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
  1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
  Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
  2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。 如:
  I"ve just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
  Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
  Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
  3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。如:
  I"ve been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
  They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
  4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。
  三、例题精析
  【试题】3~5道
  【例题1】
  【【题干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what"s happened to him .
  A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
  【答案】B
  【解析】现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。正确答案是B。
  【例题2】
  【题干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
  A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
  【答案】B
  【解析】现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故应选B。
  【例题3】
  【题干】—These farmers have been to the United States .
  —Really ? When _____ there ?
  A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
  【答案】B
  【解析】现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故正确答案为B。
  四、课堂运用
  【基础】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what"s happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
  2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
  A. already B.never C.ever D. Still
  3. Have you met Mr Li ______?
  A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
  答案及解析:
  1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。
  2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。故2应选B。
  3、C
  【巩固】
  1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
  A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
  2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
  C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
  3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
  A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
  答案及解析:
  1、现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/"last + 一段时间"等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故2应选D。
  2、C
  3、现在完成时时常与"for +时间段或since +过去时间点"连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故3应选C。
  【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
  A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
  2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
  A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
  3. -These farmers have been to the United States .
  -Really ? When _____ there ?
  A. will they go B. did they go
  C. do they go D. have they gone
  答案及解析:
  1、C
  2、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故2应选B。
  3、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week ,
  a moment ago等)连用。故3的正确答案为B。)
  课程小结
  1. 现在完成时的定义
  2. 现在完成时里表示一段时间的延续性动词以及连续性动词的用法
  3. 现在完成时和一般过去时对比和总结
  课后作业
  【基础】
  1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?
  -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
  A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
  C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
  2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
  A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
  3. -Do you know him well ?
  Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
  A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
  答案及解析:
  1、B
  2、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为:D。
  3.B
  【巩固】
  1. -How long have you ____ here ?
  -About two months .
  A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
  2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
  A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began
  3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
  A. is B. has C. will D. Was
  答案及解析:
  1、A 2、C 3、A。
  【拔高】
  1. Miss Green isn"t in the office . she_______ to the library .
  A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
  2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
  A. have been in B. have been to
  C. have gone to D. have been
  3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?
  A. so they B. don"t they C. have they D. haven"t they
  答案及解析:
  1、"have/has gone to + 地点"表示"某人去了某地(还未回来)",指主语所指的人不在这儿。"have/has been in + 地点"表示"在某地呆了多长时间",常与表示时间的状语连用。"have/has been to +地点"表示"曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。"故16的正确答案为A。
  2、A
  3、D

现在完成时ppt二:现在完成时讲解课件

  同学们我们已经学习了英语的现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。小编整理了关于英语现在完成时的课件,希望对大家有帮助!
  英语现在完成时:一、现在完成时的构成
  (一)肯定式
  主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它
  说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 has,have的缩略式分别为"s或"ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例:
  1)I"ve just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
  2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)
  (如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)
  3)We"ve just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)
  (二)否定式
  主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它
  说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven"t ,hasn"t。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例:
  1)I haven"t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。
  2)She hasn"t travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。
  3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
  注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:
  4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。
  (三)一般疑问式
  助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?
  说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No,主语+haven"t/hasn"t.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。实例:
  1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?
  —Yes ,I have .是的,我做过。
  2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?
  —No,never.不,从来没有。
  3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?
  —Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了。
  注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?
  英语现在完成时:二、现在完成时的用法
  (一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词already(已经) ,yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:
  1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:
  1)I"ve already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
  (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)
  2)I"ve washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。
  (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)
  注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:
  3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?
  2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:
  1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?
  —No,not yet.不,还没有。
  2)The woman hasn"t found her dog yet .
  那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)
  3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
  He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。
  4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
  1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
  2)I haven"t ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。
  5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:
  I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
  6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:
  1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?
  2)I haven"t eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。
  (二)现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。
  for + 段时间
  since +点时间
  实例:
  1)I"ve lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
  = I"ve lived here since 13 years ago.
  = I"ve lived here for 13 years.
  = It is 13 years since I began to live here.
  2)I haven"t seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。
  = I haven"t seen him since three years ago
  = I haven"t seen him since 2000.
  = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
  3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
  自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作
  4)She"s been at this school since five years ago.
  自从五年前以来她就在这个学校
  注意:①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。
  ②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
  1) 他入团两年了。
  误:He has joined the League for two years.
  正:He has been a League member for two years.
  2)我买这辆自行车三年了。
  误:I have bought this bike for three years.
  正:I have had this bike for three years.
  2) ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:
  短暂性动词 延续性动词
  die → be dead
  borrow → keep
  buy/catch → have
  get up → be up
  come → be in
  finish → be over
  leaver → be away
  open → be open
  close → be closed
  begin → be on
  become interested in → be interested in
  有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?
  ☆答:①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。
  ②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
  例: He saw the film last night. (过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)
  He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)
  英语现在完成时巩固练习
  I.按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。
  1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)
  He _______ finished his homework ________.
  2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
  ______ they _______ the lost books _______?No,they________.
  3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)
  Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .
  4.You have never been to Shanghai before,_________ _________ ?(改为反意疑问句)
  5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改为反意疑问句)
  6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改为同义句)
  Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.
  7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)
  He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.
  8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)
  II.选择正确答案。
  ( )1.—Who is Mary ?
  —____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .
  A.Don"t you meet her yet
  B.Didn"t you met her yet
  C.Haven"t you met her yet
  D.Hadn"t you met her yet
  ( )2.—How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black?
  —Oh ,I ____ such a beautiful city .
  A.don"t visit
  B.didn"t visit
  C.haven"t visited
  D.hadn"t visited
  ( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
  A.don"t feel
  B.hasn"t felt
  C.haven"t felt
  D.didn"t feel
  ( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.
  A.when
  B.since
  C.before
  D.after

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